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MAX9938FELT+MAXIMN/a1500avai1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
MAX9938FEUK+TMAXIMN/a2370avai1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
MAX9938HEUK+N/AN/a2500avai1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
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MAX9938TEUK+MAIXMN/a2500avai1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
MAX9938TEUK+TMAIXMN/a2500avai1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier


MAX9938HEUK+ ,1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense AmplifierEVALUATION KIT AVAILABLEMAX9938 1μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
MAX9938HEUK+T ,1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifierapplications in ● Voltage Outputnotebook computers, cell phones, PDAs, and all battery-● Four Gain ..
MAX9938TEUK+ ,1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense AmplifierFeaturesThe MAX9938 high-side current-sense amplifier offers ● Ultra-Low Supply Current of 1μA (max ..
MAX9938TEUK+T ,1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifierfeatures an input common-mode voltage • 100V/V (MAX9938H) range from 1.6V to 28V. These current-sen ..
MAX993ESD ,Micropower, Low-Voltage, SOT23, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators
MAX993ESD+ ,Micropower, Low-Voltage, UCSP/SC70, Rail-to-Rail I/O ComparatorsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = 2.7V to 5.5V, V = 0V, V = 0V, T = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise n ..
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MAX9938FELT+-MAX9938FEUK+T-MAX9938HEUK+-MAX9938HEUK+T-MAX9938TEUK+-MAX9938TEUK+T
1µA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
General Description
The MAX9938 high-side current-sense amplifier offers
precision accuracy specifications of VOS less than 500μV
(max) and gain error less than 0.5% (max). Quiescent supply current is an ultra-low 1μA. The MAX9938 fits
in a tiny, 1mm x 1mm UCSP™ package size or a 5-pin
SOT23 package, making the part ideal for applications in
notebook computers, cell phones, PDAs, and all battery-
operated portable devices where accuracy, low quiescent
current, and small size are critical.
The MAX9938 features an input common-mode voltage
range from 1.6V to 28V. These current-sense ampli-
fiers have a voltage output and are offered in four gain
versions: 25V/V (MAX9938T), 50V/V (MAX9938F),
100V/V (MAX9938H), and 200V/V (MAX9938W).
The four gain selections offer flexibility in the choice of the external current-sense resistor. The very low 500μV
(max) input offset voltage allows small 25mV to 50mV
full-scale VSENSE voltage for very low voltage drop at
full-current measurement.
The MAX9938 is offered in tiny 4-bump, UCSP (1mm x 1mm x 0.6mm footprint), 5-pin SOT23, and 6-pin μDFN
(2mm x 2mm x 0.8mm) packages specified for operation
over the -40°C to +85°C extended temperature range.
Applications
●Cell Phones●PDAs●Power Management Systems●Portable/Battery-Powered Systems●Notebook Computers
Features
●Ultra-Low Supply Current of 1μA (max)●Low 500μV (max) Input Offset Voltage●Low < 0.5% (max) Gain Error●Input Common Mode: +1.6V to +28V●Voltage Output●Four Gain Versions Available +25V/V (MAX9938T) 50V/V (MAX9938F) 100V/V (MAX9938H) 200V/V (MAX9938W)●Tiny 1mm x 1mm x 0.6mm, 4-Bump UCSP, 5-Pin SOT23, or 2mm x 2mm x 0.8mm, 6-Pin μDFN
Packages
UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
G45 indicates protective die coating.
Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C

extended temperature range.
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Pin Conigurations
Ordering Information
PARTPIN-
PACKAGEGAIN
(V/V)
TOP
MARK

MAX9938TEBS+G454 UCSP25+AGD
MAX9938FEBS+G454 UCSP50+AGE
MAX9938HEBS+G454 UCSP100+AGF
MAX9938WEBS+G454 UCSP200+AGI
MAX9938TEUK+5 SOT2325+AFFB
MAX9938FEUK+5 SOT2350+AFFC
MAX9938HEUK+5 SOT23100+AFFD
MAX9938WEUK+5 SOT23200+AFGZ
MAX9938FELT+6 µDFN50+ACM
MAX9938T
MAX9938F
MAX9938H
MAX9938W
MAX9938T
MAX9938F
MAX9938H
MAX9938W
432
RS+RS-
GNDOUTGND
SOT23
UCSP

TOP VIEW
(BUMPS ON BOTTOM)B2
GND
RS+
OUT
RS-A21
RS-
N.C.
RS+
MAX9938FELT
µDFN

TOP VIEW
(PADS ON BOTTOM)
OUT
N.C.
GND
DRAWINGS NOT TO SCALE
EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
RS+, RS- to GND ..................................................-0.3V to +30V
OUT to GND ............................................................-0.3V to +6V
RS+ to RS- ..........................................................................±30V
Short-Circuit Duration: OUT to GND .........................ContinuousContinuous Input Current (Any Pin) .................................±20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)4-Bump UCSP (derate 3.0mW/°C above +70°C) ........238mW5-Pin SOT23 (derate 3.9mW/°C above +70°C) ..........312mW 6-Pin μDFN (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) ............358mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (excluding UCSP, soldering, 10s) .....+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C
(VRS+ = VRS- = 3.6V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Electrical Characteristics
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS

Supply Current (Note 2)ICC
VRS+ = 5V, TA = +25°C0.50.85VRS+ = 5V, -40°C < TA < +85°C1.1
VRS+ = 28V, TA = +25°C1.11.8
VRS+ = 28V, -40°C < TA < +85°C2.5
Common-Mode Input RangeVCMGuaranteed by CMRR , -40°C < TA < +85°C1.628V
Common-Mode Rejection RatioCMRR1.6V < VRS+ < 28V, -40°C < TA < +85°C94130dB
Input Offset Voltage (Note 3)VOSTA = +25°C±100±500µV
-40°C < TA < +85°C±600
GainG
MAX9938T25
V/V
MAX9938F50
MAX9938H100
MAX9938W200
Gain Error (Note 4)GE
MAX9938T/MAX9938F/
MAX9938H
TA = +25°C±0.1±0.5-40°C < TA < +85°C±0.6
MAX9938W
TA = +25°C±0.1±0.7
-40°C < TA < +85°C±0.8
Output ResistanceROUT(Note 5)MAX9938T/F/H7.01013.2kΩ
MAX9938W14.02026.4
OUT Low VoltageVOL
Gain = 25 1.515
Gain = 50330
Gain = 100660
Gain = 20012120
OUT High VoltageVOHVOH = VRS- - VOUT (Note 6)0.10.2V
Small-Signal Bandwidth
(Note 5)BW
VSENSE = 50mV, gain = 25125V
VSENSE = 50mV, gain = 5060
kHzVSENSE = 50mV, gain = 10030
VSENSE = 50mV, gain = 20015
(VRS+ = VRS- = 3.6V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
Note 1:
All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.Note 2: VOUT = 0. ICC is the total current into RS+ plus RS- pins.Note 3: VOS is extrapolated from measurements for the gain-error test.Note 4: Gain error is calculated by applying two values of VSENSE and calculating the error of the slope vs. the ideal:
Gain = 25, VSENSE is 20mV and 120mV.
Gain = 50, VSENSE is 10mV and 60mV.
Gain = 100, VSENSE is 5mV and 30mV.
Gain = 200, VSENSE is 2.5mV and 15mV.Note 5: The device is stable for any external capacitance value.Note 6: VOH is the voltage from VRS- to VOUT with VSENSE = 3.6V/gain.
(VRS+ = VRS- = 3.6V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
Electrical Characteristics (continued)

INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE HISTOGRAM
MAX9938 toc01
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
N (%)
INPUT OFFSET
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE

MAX9938 toc04
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT OFFSET (µV)2010515
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX9938 toc03
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)-153560
28V
3.6V
1.8V
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX9938 toc06
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)201030525
GAIN ERROR HISTOGRAM
MAX9938 toc02
GAIN ERROR (%)
N (%)
INPUT OFFSET
vs. TEMPERATURE

MAX9938 toc05
INPUT OFFSET (µV)20
TEMPERATURE (°C)-153560-4085
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VRS+ = VRS- = 3.6V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
VOUT vs. VSENSE
(SUPPLY = 1.6V)

MAX9938 toc10
VSENSE (mV)
OUT
(V)604020
G = 100
G = 50
G = 25
GAIN ERROR
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX9938 toc07
VOLTAGE (V)
GAIN ERROR (%)
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 100)

MAX9938 toc13a
VOUT
VSENSE
1.5V
10mV
15mV
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 50)

MAX9938 toc13b
VOUT
VSENSE
1.5V
20mV
30mV
CMRR
vs. FREQUENCY

MAX9938 toc12
FREQUENCY (kHz)
CMRR (dB)
100kHz10Hz1MHz100Hz10kHz1kHz
1Hz
G = 25
G = 50
G = 100
VOUT vs. VSENSE
(SUPPLY = 3.6V)

MAX9938 toc09
VSENSE (mV)
OUT
(V)
G = 100
G = 25
G = 50
SMALL SIGNAL GAIN
vs. FREQUENCY

MAX9938 toc11
FREQUENCY (kHz)
GAIN (dB)
100kHz10Hz1MHz100Hz10kHz1kHz
1Hz
AV = 25V/V
AV = 100V/V
AV = 50V/V
GAIN ERROR
vs. TEMPERATURE

MAX9938 toc08
TEMPERATURE (°C)
GAIN ERROR (%)608535-15
-40
(VRS+ = VRS- = 3.6V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTION
UCSPSOT23µDFN
54RS+External Sense Resistor Power-Side Connection46RS-External Sense Resistor Load-Side Connection1, 23GNDGround31OUTOutput Voltage. VOUT is proportional to VSENSE = VRS+ - VRS-.—2, 5N.C.No Connection. Not internally connected.
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 25)

MAX9938 toc13c
25µs/div
VOUT
VSENSE
1.5V
40mV
60mV
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 100)

MAX9938 toc14a
20µs/div
VOUT
VSENSE
10mV
30mV
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 50)

MAX9938 toc14b
25µs/div
VOUT
VSENSE
0.5V
10mV
60mV
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
(GAIN = 25)

MAX9938 toc14c
25µs/div
VOUT
VSENSE
0.5V
20mV
120mV
Detailed Description
The MAX9938 unidirectional high-side, current-sense
amplifier features a 1.6V to 28V input common-mode
range. This feature allows the monitoring of current out
of a battery with a voltage as low as 1.6V. The MAX9938
monitors current through a current-sense resistor and
amplifies the voltage across that resistor.
The MAX9938 is a unidirectional current-sense amplifier
that has a well-established history. An op amp is used
to force the current through an internal gain resistor at
RS+, which has a value of R1, such that its voltage drop
equals the voltage drop across an external sense resis-
tor, RSENSE. There is an internal resistor at RS- with the
same value as R1 to minimize offset voltage. The cur-
rent through R1 is sourced by a high-voltage p-channel FET. Its source current is the same as its drain current,
which flows through a second gain resistor, ROUT. This
produces an output voltage, VOUT, whose magnitude is ILOAD x RSENSE x ROUT/R1. The gain accuracy is based
on the matching of the two gain resistors R1 and ROUT
(see Table 1). Total gain = 25V/V for the MAX9938T,
50V/V for the MAX9938F, 100V/V for the MAX9938H, and
200V/V for the MAX9938W. The output is protected from
input overdrive by use of an output current limiting circuit
of 7mA (typical) and a 6V clamp protection circuit.
Table 1. Internal Gain Setting Resistors (Typical Values)

MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
Typical Operating Circuit

VBATT = 1.6V TO 28V
RSENSE
ILOAD
ROUT
GND
OUT
MAX9938

RS+RS-
ADC
LOAD
VDD = 3.3V
10kΩ
GAIN (V/V)R1 (Ω)ROUT (kΩ)

100100102001040010
Applications Information
Choosing the Sense Resistor

Choose RSENSE based on the following criteria:
Voltage Loss

A high RSENSE value causes the power-source voltage to drop due to IR loss. For minimal voltage loss, use the
lowest RSENSE value.
OUT Swing vs. VRS+ and VSENSE

The MAX9938 is unique since the supply voltage is the
input common-mode voltage (the average voltage at RS+
and RS-). There is no separate VCC supply voltage pin.
Therefore, the OUT voltage swing is limited by the mini-
mum voltage at RS+.
VOUT (max) = VRS+ (min) - VSENSE (max) - VOH
and
OUT
SENSELOAD(max)RGI (max)=×
VSENSE full scale should be less than VOUT/gain at the
minimum RS+ voltage. For best performance with a 3.6V
supply voltage, select RSENSE to provide approximately
120mV (gain of 25V/V), 60mV (gain of 50V/V), 30mV (gain
of 100V/V), or 15mV (gain of 200V/V) of sense voltage for
the full-scale current in each application. These can be
increased by use of a higher minimum input voltage.
Accuracy

In the linear region (VOUT < VOUT(max)), there are two
components to accuracy: input offset voltage (VOS) and
gain error (GE). For the MAX9938, VOS = 500μV (max)
and gain error is 0.5% (max). Use the linear equation:
VOUT = (gain ± GE) x VSENSE ± (gain x VOS)
to calculate total error. A high RSENSE value allows lower
currents to be measured more accurately because offsets
are less significant when the sense voltage is larger.
Eficiency and Power Dissipation

At high current levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE can be
significant. Take this into consideration when choosing the
resistor value and its power dissipation (wattage) rating.
Also, the sense resistor’s value might drift if it is allowed to
heat up excessively. The precision VOS of the MAX9938
allows the use of small sense resistors to reduce power
dissipation and reduce hot spots.
Kelvin Connections

Because of the high currents that flow through RSENSE,
take care to eliminate parasitic trace resistance from
causing errors in the sense voltage. Either use a four-
terminal current-sense resistor or use Kelvin (force and
sense) PCB layout techniques.
Optional Output Filter Capacitor

When designing a system that uses a sample-and-hold
stage in the ADC, the sampling capacitor momentarily loads OUT and causes a drop in the output voltage. If
sampling time is very short (less than a microsecond),
consider using a ceramic capacitor across OUT and
GND to hold VOUT constant during sampling. This also
decreases the small-signal bandwidth of the current-
sense amplifier and reduces noise at OUT.
Input Filters

Some applications of current-sense amplifiers need to
measure currents accurately even in the presence of both
differential and common-mode ripple, as well as a wide
variety of input transient conditions. For example, high-
frequency ripple at the output of a switching buck or boost
regulator results in a common-mode voltage at the inputs
of the MAX9938. Alternatively, fast load-current tran-
sients, when measuring at the input of a switching buck
or boost regulator, can cause high-frequency differential
sense voltages to occur at the inputs of the MAX9938,
although the signal of interest is the average DC value.
Such high-frequency differential sense voltages may
result in a voltage offset at the MAX9938 output.
MAX99381μA, 4-Bump UCSP/SOT23, Precision Current-Sense Ampliier
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