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MAX976ESA+N/AN/a2500avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX976ESA+T |MAX976ESATMAXIMN/a181avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX978EEE+ |MAX978EEEMAXN/a710avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX978ESE+ |MAX978ESEMAXIMN/a6avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX998ESA+T |MAX998ESATMAXN/a1300avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX998EUT+T |MAX998EUTTMAXIMN/a5034avaiSingle/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators


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MAX976ESA+-MAX976ESA+T-MAX978EEE+-MAX978ESE+-MAX998ESA+T-MAX998EUT+T
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators

________________General Description

The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single, high-
speed, low-power comparators are optimized for
+3V/+5V single-supply applications. They achieve a
20ns propagation delay while consuming only 225µA
supply current per comparator. The MAX998 features a
low-power shutdown mode that places the output in a
high-impedance state and reduces supply current
to 1nA.
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 inputs have a common-
mode voltage range that extends 200mV below ground.
Their outputs are capable of rail-to-rail operation with-
out external pullup circuitry, making these devices ideal
for interface with CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and out-
puts can tolerate a continuous short-circuit fault condi-
tion to either rail. The comparators’ internal hysteresis
ensures clean output switching, even with slow-moving
input signals.
For space-critical applications, the single MAX998 is
available in a 6-pin SOT23 package, the dual MAX976
is available in an 8-pin µMAX®package, and the quad
MAX978 is available in a 16-pin QSOP package.
________________________Applications

Battery-Powered Systems
Threshold Detectors/Discriminators
3V Systems
IR Receivers
Digital Line Receivers
____________________________Features
Single-Supply Operation Down to 2.7V20ns Propagation Delay225µA Supply Current1nA Shutdown Supply CurrentRail-to-Rail OutputsGround-Sensing InputsInternal Hysteresis Ensures Clean SwitchingAvailable in Space-Saving Packages
SOT23 (MAX998)
µMAX (MAX976)
QSOP (MAX978)

TOP VIEW
GND
IN-IN+VCCSHDN
OUTMAX998
SOT23
-
PARTPIN-PACKAGESOT23
TOP MARK
MAX976ESA+
8 SO—
MAX976EUA+8 µMAX—
MAX978ESE+
16 Narrrow SO—
MAX978EEE+16 QSOP—
MAX998ESA+
8 SO—
MAX998EUT+T6 SOT23AAAO
__________________Pin Configurations

VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
SHDNR2
IR RECEIVER

OUT
0.1µF
MAX998
VCC
GND
___________Typical Operating Circuit
_______________Ordering Information

Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet
Note:
All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C tem-
perature range.
+ Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VCC= +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM= 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply Voltage (VCC).............................................................+6V
SHDN(MAX998).........................................................-0.3V to 6V
All Other Pins..............................................-0.3V to (VCC+ 0.3V)
Current into Input Pins......................................................±20mA
Duration of Output Short Circuit to GND or VCC........Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
6-Pin SOT23-6 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C).........571mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C)............330mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C).................471mW
16-Pin Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C)..696mW
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C)..........667mW
Operating Temperature Range ..........................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260°C
VCC= 5.5V
MAX998 only, SHDN= GND
ISINK= 2mA
VCC= 5.5V
Inferred from PSRR test
VCC= 5V (Note 4)
2.7V < VCC< 5.5V
CONDITIONS
90OUT Short-Circuit Current74ISH0.10.4VOLOUT Output-Voltage Low±5±100IOSInput Offset CurrentVHYS0.51.54.0Input-Referred Hysteresis1500ISDShutdown Supply Current
3006502.75.5VCCSupply Voltage Range63100PSRRPower-Supply Rejection Ratio
UNITSMINTYPMAXSYMBOLPARAMETER

CLOAD=10pF (Note 6)ns2tSKEWPropagation-Delay Skew
MAX976/MAX978 onlyns1ΔtPDPropagation-Delay Matching
Between Channels
Sinking
Sourcing
Overdrive = 50mVns2040tPDPropagation Delay
ISOURCE= 2mA, VCC- VOHV0.10.4VOHOUT Output-Voltage High
(Note 2)V-0.2VCC- 1.2VCMRCommon-Mode Voltage Range
-0.2V ≤VCM≤(VCC- 1.2V)dB6695CMRRCommon-Mode Rejection Ratio
VCC= 5V (Note 3)mV0.2±2VOSInput Offset VoltageTA= +25°C= TMINto TMAX±3Input Capacitance3CINCLOAD=10pF,
VCC= 5V (Note 5)
Overdrive = 5mV
MAX998 onlyVSHDNInput-Voltage High0.65 x VCCVIH
MAX998 onlyVSHDNInput-Voltage Low0.2 x VCCVIL
MAX998 only, SHDN= GND,
VOUT= 0V to VCCnAOUT Leakage Current1200IOUT
MAX998 onlynASHDNInput Current1200ISHDN
CLOAD=10pFns1.6tR/tFOutput Rise/Fall Time
VCC= 2.7VµA225ICCSupply Current per Comparator
0.31.55.0IB75300Input Bias Current
All others
MAX976EUA, MAX998EUT
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VCC= +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM= 0V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note1)
Note 1:
The MAX998EUT specifications are 100% tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over the extended temperature range are guaran-
teed by design, not production tested.
Note 2:
Inferred from CMRR test. Either input can be driven to the absolute maximum limit without false output inversion, as long as
the other input is within the common-mode voltage range.
Note 3:
VOSis defined as the mean of trip points. The trip points are the extremities of the differential input voltage required to make
the comparator output change state (Figure 1).
Note 4:
The difference between the upper and lower trip points is equal to the width of the input-referred hysteresis zone (Figure 1).
Note 5:
Propagation Delay is guaranteed by design. For low overdrive conditions, VTRIP(Figure 1) is added to the overdrive.
Note 6:
Propagation-Delay Skew is the difference between the positive-going and the negative-going propagation delay.
Note 7:
For design purposes, the tENcan be as high as 60µs.
CONDITIONS

MAX998 only, VCC= 5V, ICC= 90% of typical
(Note 7)µs15tENWake-Up from Shutdown
UNITSMINTYPMAXSYMBOLPARAMETER

VCC= 0V to 5V step, output validµs3tPUPower-Up Delay
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

(VCC= +5V, VCM= 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC01
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (
VCC = 5.5V,
VOUT = LOW
VCC = 5.5V,
VOUT = HIGH
VCC = 2.7V,
VOUT = HIGH
VCC = 2.7V,
VOUT = LOW10
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAZX976 TOC2
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VCC = 5.5V, SOURCING
VCC = 2.7V, SOURCING
VCC = 5.5V, SINKING
VCC = 2.7V, SINKING
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT
MAX976 TOC03
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)
VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT
MAX976 TOC04
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V)
VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAZX976 TOC5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)VCC = 5.5V
VCC = 2.7V
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF1001000
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD

MAX976 TOC06
CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
VOD = 50mV
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators

VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD+, VCC = 5V)

VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC13
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
10MHz RESPONSE

INPUT
50mV/div
20ns/div
OUTPUT
2V/div
VOS
VCC
GND
MAX976 TOC15
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD-, VCC = 5V)

VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC14
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(VCC= +5V, VCM= 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PROPAGATION DELAY
vs. INPUT OVERDRIVE
MAX976 TOC07
INPUT OVERDRIVE (mV)
PROPAGATION DELAY (ns)
CLOAD = 15pF
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX976 TOC10
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)0.1
VCC = 2.7VVCC = 5.5V
TRIP POINTS AND OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC08
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TRIP POINTS/OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
VTRIP+
VTRIP-
VOS
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX976 TOC09
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 5.5V
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD+, VCC = 3V)

VOUT
1V/div
MAX976 TOC11
VOD = 50mV
CLOAD = 15pF
VIN+
50mV/div
10ns/div
PROPAGATION DELAY
(tPD-, VCC = 3V)

VOUT
1V/div
MAX976 TOC12
CLOAD = 15pF
VOD = 50mV
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
MAX978
3
MAX976

IN_+4IN_-Comparator Inverting Input2, 4, 6, 82, 42GND1OUT_Comparator Output10, 11,
14, 156, 7
NAME

Ground9, 135
Comparator Noninverting Input1, 3, 5, 71, 36VCCSupply Voltage, +2.7V to +5.5V12, 168
1, 5—N.C.5SHDNShutdown Input. Drive low for shutdown mode. Drive high or con-
nect to VCCfor normal operation.——
No Connection. Not internally connected.——
FUNCTIONMAX998
PIN
SOT23-6SOSO/µMAXSO/QSOP
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
__________________Detailed Description

The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single com-
parators operate from a single +2.7V to +5.5V supply.
They achieve a 20ns propagation delay while consum-
ing only 225µA of supply current per comparator. The
MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode that
places the output in a high-impedance state and
reduces supply current to 1nA. Activate shutdown
mode by driving SHDNlow.
The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 comparator inputs have
a common-mode voltage range of -0.2V to (VCC- 1.2V).
Either input can be driven to the Absolute Maximum
Ratings limit without false output inversion, as long as
the other input is within the Common-Mode Voltage
Range. Their push/pull output structure is capable of
rail-to-rail operation without external pull-up circuitry,
making these devices ideal for interfacing with
CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a
continuous short-circuit fault condition to either supply.
The comparator’s internal hysteresis ensures clean out-
put switching, even with slow-moving input signals.
______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(VCC= +5V, VCM= 0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHDN
2V/div
200ns/div
SHUTDOWN DELAY TIME

VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC16
VIN+ > VIN-
SHDN
2V/div
5µs/div
WAKE-UP FROM SHUTDOWN

VOUT
2V/div
MAX976 TOC17
VIN+ > VIN-
MAX976/MAX978/MAX998
Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply,
High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators
Hysteresis

High-speed comparators can oscillate in the linear
operating region because of noise or undesired para-
sitic feedback. This tends to occur when the voltage on
one input is equal to or very close to the voltage on the
other input. The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have inter-
nal hysteresis to counter parasitic effects and noise.
The hysteresis in a comparator creates two trip points:
one for the rising input voltage and one for the falling
input voltage (Figure 1). The difference between the trip
points is the hysteresis. When the comparator input
voltages are equal, the hysteresis effectively causes
one comparator input voltage to move quickly past the
other, taking the input out of the region where oscilla-
tion occurs.
Figure 1 illustrates the case where IN- has a fixed volt-
age applied and IN+ is varied. If the inputs were
reversed, the figure would be the same, except with an
inverted output.
Input-Stage Circuitry

The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 input common-mode
voltage range is from -0.2V to (VCC- 1.2V). The voltage
range for each comparator input extends to both VCC
and GND. The output remains in the correct logic state
while one or both of the inputs are within the common-
mode range. If both input levels are out of the common-
mode range, input-stage current saturation occurs, and
the output becomes unpredictable.
Shutdown Mode

The MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode,
which is activated by forcing SHDNlow. Shutdown
mode reduces the supply current to 1nA (typical), dis-
ables the comparator, and places the output in a high-
impedance state. Drive SHDNhigh to enable the
comparator. Do not leave SHDNunconnected. Since it
is a high-impedance input, leaving SHDNunconnected
could result in indeterminate logic levels, adversely
affecting comparator operation. Likewise, do not three-
state SHDN. Due to the output leakage currents of
three-state devices and the small internal current for
SHDN, three-stating this pin could also result in indeter-
minate logic levels.
The maximum input voltage for SHDNis 6V, referred to
GND, and is not limited by VCC. This allows the use of
5V logic to drive SHDNwhile VCCoperates at a lower
voltage, such as 3V. The logic threshold limits for
SHDNare proportional to VCC(see Electrical
Characteristics).
_____________Applications Information
Circuit Layout and Bypassing

The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have a high-gain band-
width and require careful board layout. We recommend
the following design guidelines:Use a printed circuit board with an unbroken, low-
inductance ground plane. Surface-mount compo-
nents are recommended.Place a decoupling capacitor (a 0.1µF ceramic
capacitor is a good choice) between VCCand
ground as close to the pins as possible.Keep lead lengths short on the inputs and outputs
to avoid unwanted parasitic feedback around the
comparators.Solder the devices directly to the printed circuit
board instead of using a socket.Minimize input impedance.For slowly varying inputs, use a small capacitor
(~1000pF) across the inputs to improve stability.
Additional Hysteresis

Generate additional hysteresis with three resistors
using positive feedback, as shown in Figure 2. This
positive feedback method slows the hysteresis
response time. Calculate resistor values as follows:Select R3. The leakage current of IN+ is typically
75nA, so the current through R3 should be at least
1.0µA to minimize errors caused by leakage current.
The current through R3 at the trip point is (VREF-
VOUT) / R3. Consider the two possible output states
when solving for R3. The two formulas are:
R3 = VREF/1.0µA
or
R3 = (VCC- VREF)/1.0µA
Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values.
For example, if VREF= 1.2V and VCC= 5.0V, the two
resistor values are 1.2MΩand 3.8MΩ. Choose a
standard value for R3 of 1.2MΩ.
VOL
VOH
VIN- = 0
VOS =VTRIP+ + VTRIP-
COMPARATOR
OUTPUT
VTRIP+
VIN+
VHYST
VTRIP-
Figure 1. Input and Output Waveforms, Noninverting Input
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