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MAX8595XETA+MAXIMN/a17500avaiHigh-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
MAX8595XETA+TMAXIMN/a32500avaiHigh-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
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MAX8596XETA+TMAXIMN/a22avaiHigh-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs


MAX8595XETA+T ,High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDsFeatures♦ Up to Nine LEDs at 25mAThe MAX8595X/MAX8596X drive up to nine white LEDswith constant cur ..
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MAX8595ZETA+T ,High-Efficiency, 32V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 8 White LEDsfeatures an♦ Flexible Dimming Controlambient-temperature derating function to avoid over-Analogdriv ..
MAX8596XETA+ ,High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDsMAX8595X/MAX8596X19-3485; Rev 2; 7/06High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converterswith T Derating Option ..
MAX8596XETA+T ,High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDsfeatures an♦ Flexible Dimming Controlambient-temperature derating function to avoid over-Analogdriv ..
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MAX8595XETA+-MAX8595XETA+T-MAX8596XETA+-MAX8596XETA+T
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters with TA Derating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
General Description
The MAX8595X/MAX8596X drive up to nine white LEDs
with constant current and high efficiency to provide
LCD backlighting in cell phones, PDAs, and other
handheld devices. The series connection allows the
LED currents to be identical for uniform brightness and
minimizes the number of traces to the LEDs. The
MAX8595X regulates constant LED current over the
entire temperature range. The MAX8596X features an
ambient-temperature derating function to avoid over-
driving the white LEDs during high ambient tempera-
tures, enabling higher drive current below +42°C.
A single Dual Mode™ input provides a simple means of
brightness adjustment and on/off control. Fast 1MHz
current-mode PWM operation allows for small input and
output capacitors and a small inductor while minimizing
ripple on the input supply/battery. Soft-start eliminates
inrush current during startup.
The MAX8595X/MAX8596X are available in a space-
saving, 8-pin, 3mm x 3mm TDFN package.
Applications

Cell Phones and Smart Phones
PDAs, Palmtops, and Wireless Handhelds
e-Books and Subnotebooks
White LED Display Backlighting
Features
Up to Nine LEDs at 25mATemperature Derating Function to Allow Fewer
LEDs for Same Light (MAX8596X)
86% Efficiency (PLEDs / PIN)1.7% Current-Regulation AccuracyOutput Overvoltage ProtectionFlexible Dimming Control
Analog
Direct-PWM Internal Filter
1MHz PWM Switching Frequency0.1µF Output Capacitor12mVP-PLow Input Ripple Soft-Start Eliminates Inrush Current2.6V to 6V Input Range0.3µA Shutdown CurrentPin Compatible with the MAX1561 and MAX1599TDFN 3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm Package with
Exposed Paddle
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs

GND
COMP2PGND
CTRL
OUT
TOP VIEW4
MAX8595X
MAX8596X765
TDFN
3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm

A "+" SIGN WILL REPLACE THE FIRST
PIN INDICATOR ON LEAD-FREE PACKAGES.
Pin Configuration
Ordering Information

MAX8595X
MAX8596XLX
OUT
PGND
CTRL
COMP
GND
0.1μF
2 TO 9 LEDs
200Hz TO 200kHz
ANALOG OR
PWM DIMMING
2.2μF
INPUT
2.6V TO 6V
OUTPUT
UP TO 38V
Typical Operating Circuit

19-3485; Rev 2; 7/06
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-
PACKAGE
PKG
CODE
MAX8595XETA-T
-40°C to +85°C8 TDFN-EP*T833-1
MAX8595XETA+T-40°C to +85°C8 TDFN-EP*T833-1
MAX8596XETA-T
-40°C to +85°C8 TDFN-EP*T833-1
MAX8596XETA+T-40°C to +85°C8 TDFN-EP*T833-1
Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
+Denotes lead-free package.T = Tape and reel.
*EP = Exposed paddle.
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
IN to GND.................................................................-0.3V to +7V
PGND to GND.......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
LX, OUT to GND.....................................................-0.3V to +40V
CTRL to GND...................-0.3V to the lower of +6V or (VIN+ 2V)
COMP..........................................................-0.3V to (VIN+ 0.3V)
ILX...................................................................................1.0ARMS
ICS........................................................25mA (VCS< VIN+ 1.2V)
CS to GND...................................................-0.3V to (VIN+ 1.2V)
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
8-Pin TDFN 3mm x 3mm
(derate 24.4mW/°C above +70°C)............................1950mW
Operating Temperature Range...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VIN= 3.0V, L = 22µH, CIN= 2.2µF, COUT= 0.1µF, CCOMP= 0.1µF, RSENSE= 13Ω, VCTRL= 1.5V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless other-
wise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS

Supply Voltage2.66.0V
UVLO ThresholdVIN rising or falling2.102.382.55V
UVLO Hysteresis30mV
Quiescent CurrentNo switching0.50.7mA
TA = +25°C0.32Shutdown Supply CurrentCTRL = GND,
VOUT = VINTA = +85°C1µA
OVLO ThresholdVOUT rising363840V
OVLO Hysteresis2V
VOUT = 32V, VCTRL > 0.24V92035
TA = +25°C0.011OUT Input Bias CurrentOUT = IN, CTRL = GNDTA = +85°C0.1
Output Voltage Range(Note 2)VIN -36V
ERROR AMPLIFIER

TA = +25°C0.2950.3000.305
TA = 0°C to +85°C0.2920.3000.308CTRL to CS RegulationVCTRL = 1.50V,
VIN = 2.6V to 5.5V
TA = -40°C to +85°C0.2900.3000.310
TA = +25°C0.011CS Input Bias CurrentVCS = VCTRL / 5TA = +85°C0.03µA
MAX8595X, VCTRL = 3.0V310330347
TA = -40°C to +25°C330345360
TA = +42°C343
CS Maximum Brightness Clamp
VoltageMAX8596X,
VCTRL = 3.0V
TA = +85°C106.5
MAX8595Z1.65CTRL Voltage for CS Maximum
Brightness ClampMAX8596Z1.72V
CS Derating Function Start
TemperatureMAX8596Z, VCTRL = 3.0V+42°C
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VIN= 3.0V, L = 22µH, CIN= 2.2µF, COUT= 0.1µF, CCOMP= 0.1µF, RSENSE= 13Ω, VCTRL= 1.5V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless other-
wise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS

CS Derating Function SlopeMAX8596X, VCTRL = 3.0V, TA = +42°C to +85°C-5.5mV/°C
CTRL Input ResistanceVCTRL < 1.5V250500780kΩ
CTRL Dual-Mode Threshold100170240mV
CTRL Dual-Mode Hysteresis5mV
CTRL Shutdown Enable Delay(Note 3)6.08.210.5ms
CS to COMP TransconductanceVCOMP = 1.5V325082µS
COMP Input Resistance to
GroundIn shutdown, UVLO or OVLO20kΩ
OSCILLATOR

Operating Frequency0.751.01.25MHz
PWM mode12Minimum Duty CyclePulse skipping0%
Maximum Duty CycleCTRL = IN, CS = GND9495%
n-CHANNEL SWITCH

LX On-ResistanceILX = 190mA0.81.35Ω
TA = +25°C0.015LX Leakage CurrentVLX = 36V, CTRL = GNDTA = +85°C1µA
LX Current LimitDuty cycle = 90%500700900mA
Note 1:
Parameters are 100% production tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are regulated by
design and characterization.
Note 2:
VDis the forward-voltage drop of the Schottky diode in Figure 1.
Note 3:
Time from CTRL going below the Dual-Mode threshold to IC shutdown.
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
Typical Operating Characteristics

(Circuit of Figure 1, VIN= 3.6V, ILED= 25mA, L = 22µH, CIN= 2.2µF, COUT= 0.1µF, CCOMP= 0.1µF, RSENSE= 13Ω, 4 LEDs, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
EFFICIENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE

MAX8595X toc01
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)43
3 LEDs
4 LEDs
6 LEDs
8 LEDs
EFFICIENCY
vs. LED CURRENT

MAX8595X toc02
LED CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)2015105
3 LEDs
6 LEDs
8 LEDs
LED CURRENT
vs. DIRECT-PWM DIMMING

MAX8595X toc03
DUTY CYCLE (%)
LED CURRENT (mA)604020
LED CURRENT
vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
MAX8595X toc04
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LED CURRENT (mA)6020400-20
MAX8596,
ILED = 25mA AT TA = +25°C
MAX8595,
ILED = 15mA
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS

MAX8595X toc05
500ns/div
VIN20mV/div
AC-COUPLED
200mV/div
AC-COUPLED
100mA/div
10V/divVLX
VOUT
SOFT-START AND SHUTDOWN RESPONSE

MAX8595X toc06
20ms/div
VCTRL2V/div
40mA/div
10V/div
100mA/divIIN
ILED
VOUT
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Circuit of Figure 1, VIN= 3.6V, ILED= 25mA, L = 22µH, CIN= 2.2µF, COUT= 0.1µF, CCOMP= 0.1µF, RSENSE= 13Ω, 4 LEDs, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTION
OUT
Overvoltage Sense. When VOUT is greater than 38V (typ), the internal n-channel MOSFET turns off
until VOUT drops below 36V (typ), then the IC reenters soft-start. Connect a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor
from OUT to ground. In shutdown, VOUT is one diode drop below VIN.
2INInput Voltage Supply. The input voltage range is 2.6V to 6.0V. Connect a 2.2µF ceramic capacitor
from IN to GND.CTRL
Brightness Control Input. The voltage applied to CTRL controls LED brightness. Varying the voltage
from 0.24V to 1.65V (1.72V for the MAX8596X) adjusts the brightness from dim to 100% brightness,
respectively. Any voltage above 1.65V (1.72V) does not increase brightness. Hold CTRL below
100mV to shut down the IC after an 8.2ms delay.
4CSCurrent-Sense Feedback Input. Connect a resistor from CS to GND to set the LED bias current. The
voltage at CS regulates to VCTRL / 5 or 0.330V (0.343V for the MAX8596X), whichever is lower.COMP
Compensation Input. Connect a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor (CCOMP) from COMP to GND. CCOMP
stabilizes the converter, controls soft-start, and lowpass filters direct PWM dimming at CTRL. CCOMP
discharges to 0V through an internal 20kΩ resistor in shutdown.GNDGround. Connect to PGND and the exposed pad directly under the IC.PGNDPower Ground. Connect to GND and the exposed pad directly under the IC.
8LXInductor Connection. Connect LX to the node between the inductor and the Schottky diode. LX is
high impedance in shutdown.
—EPExposed Pad. Connect to a large ground plane for maximum package heat dissipation. Connect
directly to GND and PGND under the IC.
DIRECT-PWM DIMMING RESPONSE

MAX8595X toc08
10μs/div
VCTRL2V/div
32kHz 50%
DUTY CYCLE
500mV/div
AC-COUPLED
10mA/div
20mV/div
AC-COUPLEDVIN
VOUT
ILED
CTRL STEP RESPONSE

MAX8595X toc07
20ms/div
VCTRL1V/div
40mA/div
10V/div
100mA/divIIN
ILED
VOUT
MAX8595X/MAX8596X
Detailed Description

The high efficiency and small size of the MAX8595X/
MAX8596X make them ideally suited to drive up to nine
series-connected LEDs. These devices operate as a
boost DC-DC converter that regulates output current
rather than voltage. The MAX8595X/MAX8596X provide
even illumination by sourcing the same output current
through each LED, eliminating the need for expensive
factory calibration. The fast 1MHz internal oscillator
allows for a small inductor and small input and output
capacitors while minimizing input and output ripple.
The single analog control input (CTRL) allows easy
adjustment of LED brightness and on/off control. This
allows simple logic-level on/off control, analog voltage
control, or PWM duty-cycle control of both brightness
and shutdown. In shutdown, supply current is reduced
to a low 0.3µA (typ). A soft-start gradually illuminates
the LEDs, eliminating the inrush current during startup.
The MAX8596X has the additional feature of derating
LED current as ambient temperature rises. Above
+42°C, the CS regulation voltage is reduced at a rate of
5.5mV/°C, thus reducing the LED current.
Soft-Start

The MAX8595X/MAX8596X attain soft-start by charging
CCOMPgradually with a current source. When VCOMP
rises above 1.25V, the internal MOSFET begins switch-
ing at a reduced duty cycle. When VCOMPrises above
2.25V, the duty cycle is at its maximum. See the
Typical Operating Characteristics for an example of
soft-start operation.
Shutdown

The MAX8595X/MAX8596X enter shutdown when VCTRL
is less than 100mV for more than 8.2ms. In shutdown,
supply current is reduced to 0.3µA (typ) by powering
down the entire IC except for the CTRL voltage-detec-
tion circuitry. CCOMPis discharged during shutdown,
allowing the device to reinitiate soft-start when it is
enabled. Although the internal n-channel MOSFET does
not switch in shutdown, there is still a DC current path
between the input and the LEDs through the inductor
and Schottky diode. The minimum forward voltage of the
LED array must exceed the maximum input voltage to
ensure that the LEDs remain off in shutdown. However,
with two or more LEDs, the forward voltage is large
enough to keep leakage current low, less than 1µA
(typ). Typical shutdown timing characteristics are shown
in the Typical Operating Characteristics.
Overvoltage Protection

Overvoltage lockout (OVLO) occurs when VOUTis
above 38V (typ). The protection circuitry stops the inter-
nal MOSFET from switching and causes VCOMPto
decay towards 0V. The device comes out of OVLO and
into soft-start when VOUTfalls below 36V (typ).
Ambient Temperature Derating Function
(MAX8596X)

The MAX8596X limits the maximum LED current
depending on the die temperature. VCSis limited to
343mV up to +42°C. Once the temperature reaches
+42°C, the maximum VCS declines by 5.5mV/°C until
the minimum 106.5mV threshold is reached at +85°C.
Due to the package’s exposed paddle, the die temper-
ature is always very close to the PC board temperature.
The temperature derating function allows the LED cur-
rent to be safely set higher at normal operating temper-
atures, thereby allowing either a brighter display or
fewer LEDs to be used for normal display brightness.
See the Typical Operating Characteristicsfor LED
Current vs. Ambient Temperature.
High-Efficiency, 36V Step-Up Converters
with TADerating Option for 2 to 9 White LEDs

0.1μF
PWM
CONTROL
2.2μF
22μH
PGND
OVER-
VOLTAGE
PROTECT
SHUTDOWN8.2ms
GND
COMP
CTRL
170mV
100kΩ121kΩ279kΩ
1.25V CLAMP OR
TEMP DERATE CLAMP
RSENSE
13Ω
2.6V TO 6.0V
fOSC
1MHz
0.1μF
ANALOG
OR DIRECT
PWM
DIMMING
OUT
Figure 1. Functional Diagram and Typical Application Circuit
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