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MAX682ESA+MAXN/a908avai3.3V Input to Regulated 5V Output Charge Pumps
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MAX682ESA+-MAX682ESA+T-MAX682ESA-T-MAX683EUA+-MAX683EUA-T
3.3V Input to Regulated 5V Output Charge Pumps
General Description
The MAX682/MAX683/MAX684 charge-pump regula-
tors generate 5V from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. They are
specifically designed to serve as high-efficiency auxil-
iary supplies in applications that demand a compact
design. The MAX682, MAX683, and MAX684 deliver
250mA, 100mA, and 50mA output current, respectively.
These complete 5V regulators require only one resistor
and three external capacitors—no inductors are need-
ed. High switching frequencies (externally adjustable
up to 2MHz) and a unique regulation scheme allow the
use of capacitors as small as 1μF per 100mA of output
current. The MAX683/MAX684 are offered in a space-
saving 8-pin μMAX package that is only 1.1mm high,
while the MAX682 is available in an 8-pin SO.
Applications

Flash Memory Supplies
Battery-Powered Applications
Miniature Equipment
PCMCIA Cards
3.3V to 5V Local Conversion Applications
Backup-Battery Boost Converters
3V to 5V GSM SIMM Cards
Features
Ultra-Small: 1μF Capacitors per 100mA of Output
Current
No Inductors Required1.1mm Height in μMAX Package (MAX683/MAX684)Up to 250mA Output Current (MAX682)Regulated ±4% Output Voltage50kHz to 2MHz Adjustable Switching Frequency2.7V to 5.5V Input Voltage100μA Quiescent Current in Pulse-Skipping Mode0.1μA Shutdown Current.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-Output
Charge Pumps

CXN
PGNDGND
OUT
CXPSHDN
SKIP
TOP VIEW
MAX682
CXN
PGNDGND
OUT
CXPSHDN
SKIP
μMAX
MAX683
MAX684
Pin Configurations

OUTPUT
5V/250mAOUT
SHDNINPUT
2.7V TO 5.5V
SKIPREXT
GNDPGND
CXNCXP
MAX682
Typical Operating Circuit

19-0177; Rev 1; 8/98
PART
MAX682ESA
MAX683EUA
MAX684EUA
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
TEMP. RANGEPIN-PACKAGE

8 SO
8 μMAX
8 μMAX
Ordering Information
3.0V ≤IN ≤3.6V for SKIP= 0,.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-Output
Charge Pumps
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VIN= 3V, VSKIP= 0V, CIN= 1μF, CX= 0.47μF, COUT= 2μF, ISHDN= 22μA; IMAX= 250mA for MAX682, IMAX= 100mA for MAX683,
IMAX= 50mA for MAX684; TA= TMINto TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
IN, OUT,SHDN, SKIPto GND.................................-0.3V to +6V
PGND to GND.....................................................................±0.3V
CXN to GND................................................-0.3V to (VIN+ 0.3V)
CXP to GND..............................................-0.3V to (VOUT+ 0.3V)
Continuous Output Current
MAX682........................................................................300mA
MAX683........................................................................150mA
MAX684..........................................................................75mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration...............................................5sec
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
8-Pin SO (derate 5.9mW/°C above +70°C).................471mW
8-Pin μMAX (derate 4.1mW/°C above +70°C)............330mW
Operating Temperature Range
MAX68_E_A....................................................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec).............................+300°C
Regulation with VIN> 3.6V requires
SKIP= high= 5V/IMAX
(Note 2)= +25°C
ISHDN=4.4μA
MAX682
SKIP= 0, VIN= 3.6V
SKIP= high, 0 ≤ILOAD≤IMAX
ISHDN= 22μA
CONDITIONS
50tSTARTShutdown Exit Time
75010001300kHz
Switching Frequency (Note 2)100Input Undervoltage Lockout
Hysteresis2.02.352.62.75.5VINInput Voltage Range
Input Undervoltage Lockout
Threshold150ISHDNSHDNInput Current Range 630690750VON, SHDNSHDNOn Bias Voltage0.35VINL, SHDNSHDNLogic Low Input
IMAXMaximum Output Current
0.10.18No-Load Input Current-3ΔVLDRLoad Regulation
UNITSMINTYPMAXSYMBOLPARAMETER

0°C < TA< +85°C
-40°C < TA< +85°C
0°C < TA< +85°C
150200270-40°C < TA< +85°C
MAX683100
MAX68450
SHDN= 0, VIN= 5.5V, VOUT= 0μA0.15IQ, SHDNShutdown Supply Current
0 < ILOAD≤IMAX;
3.0V ≤IN ≤3.6V for SKIP= 0,
3.0V ≤IN ≤5.5V for SKIP= IN4.805.055.20VOUTOutput Voltage
2.5SKIP= VIN= 3.6V
1.7MAX684
MAX683
MAX682
.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-OutputCharge Pumps
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VIN= 3V, VSKIP= 0V, CIN= 1μF, CX= 0.47μF, COUT= 2μF, ISHDN= 22μA; IMAX= 250mA for MAX682, IMAX= 100mA for MAX683,
IMAX= 50mA for MAX684; TA= TMINto TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Note 1:
Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design and not production tested.
Note 2:
Current into SHDNdetermines oscillator frequency: REXT(kΩ) = 45000 (VIN- 0.69V) / fOSC(kHz)
VIN= 5.5V, VSKIP= 0V or 5.5V
VIN= 5.5V
CONDITIONS
-11ISKIPSKIPInput Leakage Current
2.4VINH, SKIPSKIPInput Voltage HighV0.8VINL, SKIPSKIPInput Voltage Low
UNITSMINTYPMAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

(Circuit of Figure 5, VIN= 3.3V, component values from Tables 2 and 3, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX682
MAX683
MAX6843456
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE

AX682 TOC
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
(m
SKIP = HIGH
ISHDN = 22μA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
(SKIP = LOW)
AX682 TOC03
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(V
MAX684
MAX683
MAX682
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
(SKIP = HIGH)
AX682 TOC04
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(V
4.75MAX684
MAX683
MAX682
SKIP = HIGH
ISHDN = 22μA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
AX682 TOC
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
(V
SKIP = HIGH
SKIP = LOW
10M
10k
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs.
SHUTDOWN PIN INPUT CURRENT
MAX682 TOC08
SHDN INPUT CURRENT (μA)
(H
100k
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs.
SHUTDOWN PIN INPUT CURRENT
AX682 TOC09
SHDN INPUT CURRENT (μA)
(mMAX683
MAX682
MAX684
SKIP = HIGH
.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-OutputCharge Pumps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Circuit of Figure 5, VIN= 3.3V, component values from Tables 2 and 3, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX682 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = HIGH)
AX682 TOC13
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.0V
ISHDN = 22μA
MAX683 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = HIGH)
AX682 TOC14
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.0V
ISHDN = 22μA10100
MAX684 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = HIGH)

AX682 TOC
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 3.0V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 5.0V
ISHDN = 22μA
200ns/div
OUTPUT WAVEFORM
(SKIP = HIGH)

MAX682 TOC16
50mV/div
SKIP = HIGH, ISHDN = 22μA, ILOAD = 250mA, MAX682
200ns/div
OUTPUT WAVEFORM
(SKIP = LOW)

MAX682 TOC17
50mV/div
SKIP = LOW, ILOAD = 250mA, MAX682
MAX682 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = LOW)
MAX682 TOC10
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 3.6VVIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.0V100
MAX683 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = LOW)
MAX682 TOC11
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 3.6VVIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.0V
MAX684 EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT (SKIP = LOW)
AX682 TOC12
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
(%
VIN = 3.6VVIN = 3.3V
VIN = 3.0V
.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-OutputCharge Pumps
2ms/div
LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE

MAX682 TOC19
A: LOAD CURRENT: ILOAD = 5mA TO 250mA, 500mA/div
B: OUTPUT VOLTAGE: SKIP = HIGH, ISHDN = 22μA,
100mV/div, MAX682
100μs/div
SHUTDOWN TIMING

MAX682 TOC18
A: OUTPUT VOLTAGE: SKIP = HIGH, RL = 5V / IMAX, 2V/div
B: SHDN VOLTAGE: 1V/div
2ms/div
LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE

MAX682 TOC20
A: INPUT VOLTAGE: VIN = 3.1V TO 3.6V, 500mV/div
B: OUTPUT VOLTAGE: SKIP = HIGH, ISHDN = 22μA,
ILOAD = 250mA, 50mV/div, MAX682
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Circuit of Figure 5, VIN= 3.3V, component values from Tables 2 and 3, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Pin Description
NAMEFUNCTION
SKIP
When SKIP= low, the regulator operates in low-quiescent-current skip mode. When SKIP= high, the
regulator operates in constant-frequency mode, minimizing output ripple and noise. SKIPmust be tied
high for input voltages above 3.6V.SHDN
Shutdown Input. Drive SHDNthrough an external resistor. When SHDN = low, the device turns off. When
current is sourced into SHDNthrough REXT, the device activates, and the SHDNpin input current sets the
oscillator’s switching frequency. REXT(kΩ) = 45000 (VIN - 0.69V) / fOSC(kHz).
PIN
INInput Supply Pin. Can range from 2.7V to 5.5V for SKIP= high, and 2.7V to 3.6V for SKIP= low. Bypass to
PGNDwith a suitable value capacitor (see Capacitor Selectionsection).GNDGround Pin. Connect to PGND through a short trace.OUTFixed 5V Power Output. Bypass to PGND with output filter capacitor.CXPPositive Terminal of the Charge-Pump Transfer CapacitorCXNNegative Terminal of the Charge-Pump Transfer CapacitorPGNDPower Ground Pin
.3V-Input to Regulated 5V-OutputCharge Pumps
Detailed Description

The MAX682/MAX683/MAX684 charge pumps provide
a regulated 5V output from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. They
deliver a maximum of 250mA, 100mA, or 50mA load
current, respectively. Designed specifically for com-
pact applications, a complete regulator circuit requires
only three small external capacitors and one resistor.
An externally adjustable switching frequency and inno-
vative control scheme allow the circuit to be optimized
for efficiency, size, or output noise. The devices also
contain a shutdown feature.
The MAX682/MAX683/MAX684 consist of an error
amplifier, a 1.23V bandgap reference, an internal resis-
tive feedback network, an oscillator, high-current MOS-
FET switches, and shutdown and control logic (Figure
1). Figure 2 shows an idealized unregulated charge-
pump voltage doubler. The oscillator runs at a 50%
duty cycle. During one half of the period, the transfer
capacitor (CX) charges to the input voltage. During the
other half, the doubler stacks the voltage across CX
and the input voltage, and transfers the sum of the two
voltages to the output filter capacitor (COUT). Rather
than simply doubling the input voltage, the
MAX682/MAX683/MAX684 provide a regulated fixed
output voltage (5V) using either skip mode or constant-
frequency mode. Skip mode and constant-frequency
mode are externally selected via the SKIPinput pin.ip Mode
In skip mode (SKIP= low), the error amplifier disables
switching when it detects an output higher than 5V. The
device then skips switching cycles until the output volt-
age drops. Then the error amplifier reactivates the
oscillator. Figure 3 illustrates the regulation scheme.
This regulation method minimizes operating current
because the device does not switch continuously. SKIP
is a logic input and should not remain floating.
Constant-Frequency Mode

When SKIPis high, the charge pump runs continuously
at the selected frequency. Figure 4 shows a block dia-
gram of the device in constant-frequency mode. The
error amplifier controls the charge on CXby driving the
gate of the N-channel FET. When the output voltage
falls, the gate drive increases, resulting in a larger volt-
age across CX. This regulation scheme minimizes out-
put ripple. Since the device switches continuously, the
CXP
OUT
1.23V
SHDN
PGND
SWITCHES
CONTROL
LOGIC
CXN
SHDN
SKIP
OSC
CINCOUT
OUT
OSC
Figure 2. Unregulated Voltage Doubler
CIN
OUT
OSCILLATOR
Figure 3. Skip-Mode Regulation
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
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