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MAX660CPA+-MAX660CSA+-MAX660CSA+T-MAX660CSA-T-MAX660EPA+-MAX660ESA+-MAX660ESA+T
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
19-3293; Rev. 2; 9/96
_______________General Description
The MAX660 monolithic, charge-pump voltage inverter
converts a +1.5V to +5.5V input to a corresponding
-1.5V to -5.5V output. Using only two low-cost
capacitors, the charge pump’s 100mA output replaces
switching regulators, eliminating inductors and their
associated cost, size, and EMI. Greater than 90%
efficiency over most of its load-current range combined
with a typical operating current of only 120µA provides
ideal performance for both battery-powered and board-
level voltage conversion applications. The MAX660 can
also double the output voltage of an input power supply
or battery, providing +9.35V at 100mA from a +5V
input.
A frequency control (FC) pin selects either 10kHz typ or
80kHz typ (40kHz min) operation to optimize capacitor
size and quiescent current. The oscillator frequency
can also be adjusted with an external capacitor or
driven with an external clock. The MAX660 is a pin-
compatible, high-current upgrade of the ICL7660.
The MAX660 is available in both 8-pin DIP and small-
outline packages in commercial, extended, and military
temperature ranges.
For 50mA applications, consider the MAX860/MAX861
pin-compatible devices (also available in ultra-small
µMAX packages).
________________________Applications
Laptop Computers
Medical Instruments
Interface Power Supplies
Hand-Held Instruments
Operational-Amplifier Power Supplies
___________________________FeaturesSmall Capacitors0.65V Typ Loss at 100mA LoadLow 120µA Operating Current6.5ΩTyp Output ImpedanceGuaranteed ROUT< 15Ωfor C1 = C2 = 10μFPin-Compatible High-Current ICL7660 UpgradeInverts or Doubles Input Supply VoltageSelectable Oscillator Frequency: 10kHz/80kHz88% Typ Conversion Efficiency at 100mA
(ILto GND)
MAX660
MAX660
CAP+
GND
CAP-
OSC
OUT
CAP+
GND
CAP-
OSC
OUT
1μF to 150μF
VOLTAGE INVERTER
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
+VIN
1.5V TO 5.5V
INVERTED
NEGATIVE
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
1μF to 150μF
DOUBLED
POSITIVE
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
1μF to 150μF
1μF to 150μF
+VIN
2.5V TO 5.5V
_________Typical Operating Circuits
OSC
OUTCAP-
GND
CAP+
MAX660
DIP/SO
TOP VIEW
__________________Pin Configuration
______________Ordering Information
PARTTEMP. RANGEPIN-PACKAGE
MAX660CPA0°C to +70°C8 Plastic DIP
MAX660CSA0°C to +70°C8 SO
MAX660C/D0°C to +70°CDice*
MAX660EPA-40°C to +85°C8 Plastic DIP
MAX660ESA-40°C to +85°C8 SO
*Contact factory for dice specifications.
MAX660MJA-55°C to +125°C8 CERDIP
CONDITIONS
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
Supply Voltage (V+ to GND, or GND to OUT).......................+6V
LV Input Voltage...............................(OUT - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V)
FC and OSC Input Voltages........................The least negative of
(OUT - 0.3V) or (V+ - 6V) to (V+ + 0.3V)
OUT and V+ Continuous Output Current..........................120mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND (Note 1)....................1sec
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above + 70°C)............727mW
SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)..........................471mW
CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C)..................640mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX660C_ _........................................................0°C to +70°C
MAX660E_ _.....................................................-40°C to +85°C
MAX660MJA...................................................-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range...............................-65°to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec)...........................+300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, C1 = C2 = 150µF, test circuit of Figure 1, FC = open, TA = TMINto TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Note 2:In the test circuit, capacitors C1 and C2 are 150µF, 0.2Ωmaximum ESR, aluminum electrolytics.
Capacitors with higher ESR may reduce output voltage and efficiency. See Capacitor Selectionsection.
Note 3:Specified output resistance is a combination of internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. See Capacitor Selection section.
Note 4:The ESR of C1 = C2 ≤0.5Ω. Guaranteed by correlation, not production tested.
Note 1:OUT may be shorted to GND for 1sec without damage, but shorting OUT to V+ may damage the device and should be
avoided. Also, for temperatures above +85°C, OUT must not be shorted to GND or V+, even instantaneously, or device
damage may result.
Doubler, LV = OUT
Inverter, LV = GND
Inverter, LV = open= 100mA to GND= 500Ωconnected between OUT and GND
FC = open≤+85°C= 1kΩconnected between V+ and OUT
FC = V+≤+85°C, C1 = C2 = 150μF≤+85°C, C1 = C2 = 10μF, FC = V+ (Note 4)
FC = open, LV = open
FC = V+, LV = open≤+85°C, OUT more negative than -4V
FC = open> +85°C, OUT more negative than -3.8V
FC = V+99.0099.96No loadVoltage-Conversion
Efficiency
Power Efficiency929698OSC Input CurrentµA±1
kHz4080Oscillator Frequency
1.55.5V
3.05.5= 1kΩOperating Supply Voltage
6.510.0Ω= 100mAOutput Resistance (Note 3)0.120.5No loadSupply Current13
100mA100Output Current
UNITSMINTYPMAXPARAMETER
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)80
MAX660-2V+ = 5.5V
V+ = 4.5V
V+ = 3.5V
V+ = 1.5V
V+ = 2.5V
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (
LV = OUT
LV = GND
LV = OPEN
MAX660-1
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
MAX660-4
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY
vs. LOAD CURRENT, V+ = 5V
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)80
EFFICIENCY (%)
ICL7660
ICL7660
MAX660
MAX660
VOUT
EFF.
MAX660-6A
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP
vs. LOAD CURRENT
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
DROP
FROM
SUPPLY
(V)
V+ = 4.5V
V+ = 5.5V
V+ = 3.5V
V+ = 2.5V
V+ = 1.5V
MAX660-3
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
ILOAD = 1mA
ILOAD = 80mA
MAX660-5
ILOAD = 10mA
MAX660
(+5V )
VOUT
CAP+
GND
CAP-
OSC
OUT
Figure 1. MAX660 Test Circuit
All curves are generated using the test circuit of Figure 1
with V+ =5V, LV = GND, FC = open, and TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted. The charge-pump frequency is
one-half the oscillator frequency. Test results are also
valid for doubler mode with GND = +5V, LV = OUT, and
OUT = 0V, unless otherwise noted; however, the input
voltage is restricted to +2.5V to +5.5V.
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (
MAX660-13
EFFICIENCY
vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
EFFICIENCY (%)
ILOAD = 80mA
MAX660-6
ILOAD = 10mA
ILOAD = 1mA
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLYVOLTAGE(V)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN
LV = GND
LV = OPEN
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
LV = GND
LV = OPEN
FC = OPEN, OSC = OPEN
MAX660-8
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. EXTERNAL CAPACITANCE
MAX660-9
CAPACITANCE (pF)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)1000
FC = OPEN
FC = V+
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN, RL = 100Ω
MAX660-10
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) 20100
FC = OPEN, OSC = OPEN
RL = 100Ω
MAX660-10A
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (
V+ = 5.0V
C1, C2 = 150μF ALUMINUM
ELECTROLYTIC
CAPACITORS
RL = 100Ω
V+ = 3.0V
MAX660
V+ = 1.5V
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE (
C1, C2 = 150μF OS-CON CAPACITORS
RL = 100Ω
V+ = 5.0V
V+ = 1.5V
V+ = 3.0V
MAX660-12
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN
LV = GND
LV = OPEN
MAX660-7
NAME
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
NAME
Positive Voltage Output
Same as Inverter; however, do not over-
drive OSC in voltage-doubling mode.
LV must be tied to OUT for all input
voltages.
Power-Supply Ground Input
Same as Inverter
Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input
Same as Inverter
Same as Inverter
Oscillator Control Input. OSC is connected to an internal
15pF capacitor. An external capacitor can be added to slow
the oscillator. Take care to minimize stray capacitance. An
external oscillator may also be connected to overdrive OSC.
Low-Voltage Operation Input. Tie LV to GND when input
voltage is less than 3V. Above 3V, LV may be connected to
GND or left open; when overdriving OSC, LV must be
connected to GND.
Output, Negative Voltage
Charge-Pump Capacitor, Negative Terminal
Power-Supply Ground Input
Frequency Control for internal oscillator, FC = open,
fOSC= 10kHz typ; FC = V+, fOSC= 80kHz typ (40kHz min),
FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally.
PIN
OSC
OUT
CAP-
GND
CAP+
Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input8
Charge-Pump Capacitor, Positive Terminal2
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE:
VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -4V
MAX660 CHART -01
CURRENT (mA)
CAPACITANCE (μF)
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE:
VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -3.5V
MAX660 CHART -02
CURRENT (mA)
CAPACITANCE (μF)
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE:
VIN = +3.0V, VOUT = -2.7V
MAX660 CHART -03
CURRENT (mA)20
CAPACITANCE (μF)
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE:
VIN = +3.0V, VOUT = -2.4V
MAX660 CHART -04
CURRENT (mA)
CAPACITANCE (μF)
FC = V+
OSC = OPEN
FUNCTION
DOUBLERINVERTER
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
______________Detailed Description
The MAX660 capacitive charge-pump circuit either
inverts or doubles the input voltage (see Typical
Operating Circuits). For highest performance, low
effective series resistance (ESR) capacitors should be
used. See Capacitor Selectionsection for more details.
When using the inverting mode with a supply voltage
less than 3V, LV must be connected to GND. This
bypasses the internal regulator circuitry and provides
best performance in low-voltage applications. When
using the inverter mode with a supply voltage above
3V, LV may be connected to GND or left open. The part
is typically operated with LV grounded, but since LV
may be left open, the substitution of the MAX660 for the
ICL7660 is simplified. LV must be grounded when over-
driving OSC (see Changing Oscillator Frequencysec-
tion). Connect LV to OUT (for any supply voltage) when
using the doubling mode.
__________Applications Information
Negative Voltage Converter
The most common application of the MAX660 is as a
charge-pump voltage inverter. The operating circuit
uses only two external capacitors, C1 and C2 (see
Typical Operating Circuits).
Even though its output is not actively regulated, the
MAX660 is very insensitive to load current changes. A
typical output source resistance of 6.5Ωmeans that
with an input of +5V the output voltage is -5V under
light load, and decreases only to -4.35V with a load of
100mA. Output source resistance vs. temperature and
supply voltage are shown in the Typical Operating
Characteristicsgraphs.
Output ripple voltage is calculated by noting the output
current supplied is solely from capacitor C2 during
one-half of the charge-pump cycle. This introduces a
peak-to-peak ripple of:
VRIPPLE = IOUT+ IOUT(ESRC2)
2(fPUMP) (C2)
For a nominal fPUMPof 5kHz (one-half the nominal
10kHz oscillator frequency) and C2 = 150µF with an
ESR of 0.2Ω, ripple is approximately 90mV with a
100mA load current. If C2 is raised to 390µF, the ripple
drops to 45mV.
Positive Voltage Doubler
The MAX660 operates in the voltage-doubling mode as
shown in the Typical Operating Circuit.The no-load
output is 2 x VIN.
Other Switched-Capacitor Converters
Please refer to Table 1, which shows Maxim’s charge-
pump offerings.
Changing Oscillator Frequency
Four modes control the MAX660’s clock frequency, as
listed below:OSCOscillator Frequency
OpenOpen10kHz
FC = V+Open80kHz
Open orExternal See Typical Operating
FC = V+CapacitorCharacteristics
OpenExternal External Clock Frequency
Clock
When FC and OSC are unconnected (open), the oscil-
lator runs at 10kHz typically. When FC is connected to
V+, the charge and discharge current at OSC changes
from 1.0µA to 8.0µA, thus increasing the oscillator
MAX829MAX861MAX1044
PackageSOT 23-5SO-8,
µMAX
SO-8,
µMAX
Op. Current
(typ, mA)0.15
0.3 at 13kHz,
1.1 at 100kHz,
2.5 at 250kHz
Output Ω
(typ)20126.5
Pump Rate
(kHz)3513, 100, 1505
Input (V)1.25 to 5.51.5 to 5.51.5 to 10
ICL7662
SO-8
1.5 to 10
MAX660
SO-8
0.12 at 5kHz,
1 at 40kHz
5, 40
1.5 to 5.5
MAX860
SO-8,
µMAX
0.2 at 6kHz,
0.6 at 50kHz,
1.4 at 130kHz
6, 50, 130
1.5 to 5.5
MAX828
SOT 23-5
1.25 to 5.5
ICL7660
SO-8,
µMAX
1.5 to 10
Table 1. Single-Output Charge Pumps

Partno	Mfg	Dc	Qty	Available	Descript
MAX660CPA+ \|MAX660CPA	MAXIM	N/a	19810	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660CSA+ \|MAX660CSA	MAXIM	N/a	160	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660CSA+T \|MAX660CSAT	MAXIM	N/a	5000	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660CSA-T \|MAX660CSAT	MAXIM	N/a	1956	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660EPA+ \|MAX660EPA	MAXIM	N/a	1216	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660ESA+ \|MAX660ESA	MAXIM	N/a	5000	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
MAX660ESA+T \|MAX660ESAT	MAXIM	N/a	6706	avai	CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter