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MAX5909UEEMAXIM ?N/a321avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5904USAN/a8avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5904USAMAXIM ?N/a180avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5905USAMAXIM ?N/a12avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5908UEEMAXIM ?N/a36avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5908UEEMAXIMN/a101avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5904USAMAXIMN/a34avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5907UEEMAXIMN/a21avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
MAX5909UEEMAXN/a3avaiLow-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers


MAX5909UEE ,Low-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencersfeatures like startup current regulation and currentMAX5907EEE* -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOPglitch protec ..
MAX5909UEE ,Low-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power SequencersELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V _ = +1V to +13.2V provided at least one supply is higher than +2.7V, V ..
MAX5909UEE+ ,Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencersfeatures like startup current regulation and currentMAX5906UEE 0°C to +85°C 16 QSOP E16-1glitch p ..
MAX5909UEE+ ,Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power SequencersELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V _ = +1V to +13.2V provided at least one supply is higher than +2.7V, V ..
MAX5909UEE+T ,Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power SequencersApplicationsTOP VIEWBasestation Line CardsIN1 1 8 IN2Network Switches or RoutersSENSE1 2 7 SENSE2So ..
MAX5910ESA ,+65V Simple Swapper Hot-Swap SwitchesApplications *Future product—contact factory for availability.IP PhonesPower-Over-LANPower-Over-MDI ..
MAZ8068GML+ , MAZ8xxxG Series Silicon planar type
MAZ8068-H ,Silicon planar typeelectrical characteristicsZ Zwithin part numbersReverse current I V ··············· Specified value ..
MAZ8068-L ,Silicon planar typeAbsolute Maximum Ratings T = 25°CaMarking SymbolParameter Symbol Rating UnitRefer to the list of t ..
MAZ8068-M ,Silicon planar typeElectrical Characteristics T = 25°CaParameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max UnitForward voltage V ..
MAZ8075 ,Small-signal deviceElectrical Characteristics T = 25°C aParameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max UnitForward voltage V ..
MAZ8075G ,Silicon planar typeElectrical Characteristics within Part Numbers T = 25°C±3°CaTemperatureZener Zener riseReversecoef ..


MAX5904USA-MAX5905USA-MAX5907UEE-MAX5908UEE-MAX5909UEE
Low-Voltage / Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power Sequencers
General Description
The MAX5904–MAX5909 dual hot-swap controllers
provide complete protection for dual-supply systems.
These devices hot swap two supplies ranging from +1V
to +13.2V, provided one supply is at or above 2.7V,
allowing the safe insertion and removal of circuit cards
into live backplanes.
The discharged filter capacitors of the circuit card pro-
vide low impedance to the live backplane. High inrush
currents from the backplane to the circuit card can burn
up connectors and components, or momentarily col-
lapse the backplane power supply leading to a system
reset. The MAX5904 family of hot-swap controllers pre-
vents such problems by gradually ramping up the output
voltage and regulating the current to a preset limit when
the board is plugged in, allowing the system to stabilize
safely. After the startup cycle is completed, two on-chip
comparators provide VariableSpeed/BiLevel™ protec-
tion against short-circuit and overcurrent faults, as well
as immunity against system noise and load transients. In
the event of a fault condition, the load is disconnected.
The MAX5905/MAX5907/MAX5909 must be unlatched
after a fault, and the MAX5904/MAX5906/MAX5908 auto-
matically restart after a fault.
The MAX5904 family offers a variety of options to reduce
component count and design time. All devices integrate
an on-board charge pump to drive the gates of low-cost,
external N-channel MOSFETs. The devices offer integrat-
ed features like startup current regulation and current
glitch protection to eliminate external timing resistors and
capacitors. The MAX5906–MAX5909 provide an open-
drain status output, an adjustable startup timer, an
adjustable current limit, an uncommitted comparator,
and output undervoltage/overvoltage monitoring.
The MAX5904/MAX5905 are available in 8-pin SO pack-
ages. The MAX5906–MAX5909 are available in space-
saving 16-pin QSOP packages.
Applications

PCI-Express Applications
Basestation Line Cards
Network Switches or Routers
Solid-State Circuit Breaker
Power-Supply Sequencing
Hot Plug-In Daughter Cards
RAID
Features
Safe Hot Swap for +1V to +13.2V Power
Supplies
Requires One Input ≥2.7V
Low 25mV Default Current-Limit ThresholdInrush Current Regulated at StartupCircuit Breaker FunctionAdjustable Circuit Breaker/Current-Limit
Threshold
VariableSpeed/BiLevel Circuit-Breaker ResponseAuto-Retry or Latched Fault ManagementOn/Off Sequence ProgrammingStatus Output Indicates Fault/Safe ConditionOutput Undervoltage and Overvoltage Monitoring
and/or Protection
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
Pin Configurations
Ordering Information

19-2238; Rev 2; 11/03
Selector Guide and Typical Operating Circuits appear at end

VariableSpeed/BiLevel is a trademark of Maxim Integrated
Products, Inc.
*Contact factory for availability.
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VIN_ = +1V to +13.2V provided at least one supply is higher than +2.7V, VON= +2.7V, TA= TMINto TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are at VIN1= +5V, VIN2= +3.3V, and TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
IN_ to GND...........................................................................+14V
GATE_ to GND..........................................+0.3V to (VIN_ + 6.2V)
ON, PGOOD, COMP+, COMPOUT, TIM to GND.......-0.3V to the
higher of (VIN1+ 0.3V) and (VIN2+ 0.3V)
SENSE_, MON_, LIM_ to GND...................-0.3V to (VIN_ + 0.3V)
Current into Any Pin .........................................................±50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
8-Pin Narrow SO (derate 5.9mW/°C above +70°C)......471mW
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C)............667mW
Operating Temperature Ranges:
MAX590_U_ _ .....................................................0°C to +85°C
MAX590_E_ _ ...................................................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers

tion tested.
Note 2
The MAX5906–MAX5909 slow-comparator threshold is adjustable. VSC,TH= RLIMx 0.25µA + 25mV (see Typical Operating
Characteristics).
Note 3:
The current-limit slow-comparator response time is weighted against the amount of overcurrent; the higher the overcurrent
condition, the faster the response time. See Typical Operating Characteristics.
Note 4:
The startup period (tSTART) is the time during which the slow comparator is ignored and the device acts as a current limiter
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VIN_ = +1V to +13.2V provided at least one supply is higher than +2.7V, VON= +2.7V, TA= TMINto TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are at VIN1= +5V, VIN2= +3.3V, and TA= +25°C.) (Note 1)
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencersypical Operating Characteristics

(Typical Operating Circuits, Q1 = Q2 = Fairchild FDB7090L, VIN1= +5V, VIN2= +3.3V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Channels
1 and 2 are identical in performance. Where characteristics are interchangeable, channels 1 and 2 are referred to as X and Y.)
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers

GATE STRONG DISCHARGE CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5904 toc10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
GATE DISCHARGE CURRENT (mA)
TURN-OFF TIME vs. SENSE VOLTAGE
MAX5904 toc11
VIN - VSENSE (mV)
TURN-OFF TIME (ms)
TURN-OFF TIME vs. SENSE VOLTAGE
(EXPANDED SCALE)
MAX5904 toc12
VIN - VSENSE (mV)
TURN-OFF TIME (ms)
SLOW-COMPARATOR THRESHOLD
vs. RLIM
MAX5904 toc13
RLIM (kΩ)
SC, TH
(mV)
STARTUP PERIOD vs. RTIM

MAX5904 toc14
RTIM (kΩ)
tSTART
(ms)200300100400500600
VPGOOD
5V/div
VSENSE - VIN
100mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
TURN-OFF TIME
SLOW-COMPARATOR FAULT

MAX5904 toc15
1ms/div
VIN = 5.0VVPGOOD
5V/div
VSENSE - VIN
100mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
TURN-OFF TIME
FAST-COMPARATOR FAULT

MAX5904 toc16
400ns/div
VIN = 5.0V
VON
2V/div
VPGOOD
2V/div
IOUT
5A/div
VOUT
5V/div
VGATE
5V/div
STARTUP WAVEFORMS
FAST TURN-ON

MAX5904 toc17
1ms/div
VIN = 5.0V, RSENSE = 10mΩ,
RTIM = 27kΩ, CBOARD = 1000µF
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Typical Operating Circuits, Q1 = Q2 = Fairchild FDB7090L, VIN1= +5V, VIN2= +3.3V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Channels
1 and 2 are identical in performance. Where characteristics are interchangeable, channels 1 and 2 are referred to as X and Y.)
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers

IOUT
5A/div
VOUT
5V/div
VGATE
5V/div
AUTO-RETRY DELAY

MAX5904 toc19
40ms/div
VIN = 5.0V, RSENSE = 10mΩ, RTIM = 47kΩ,
CBOARD = 1000µF, RBOARD = 1.4Ω
VON
2V/div
VPGOOD
2V/div
IOUT
5A/div
VOUT
5V/div
VGATE
5V/div
STARTUP WAVEFORMS
SLOW TURN-ON

MAX5904 toc18
1ms/div
VIN = 5.0V, RSENSE = 10mΩ, RTIM = 47kΩ,
CBOARD = 1000µF, CGATE = 22nF
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

(Typical Operating Circuits, Q1 = Q2 = Fairchild FDB7090L, VIN1= +5V, VIN2= +3.3V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Channels
1 and 2 are identical in performance. Where characteristics are interchangeable, channels 1 and 2 are referred to as X and Y.)
Detailed Description
The MAX5904–MAX5909 are circuit breaker ICs for hot-
swap applications where a line card is inserted into a
live backplane. These devices hot swap supplies rang-
ing from +1V to +13.3V, provided one supply is at or
above 2.7V. Normally, when a line card is plugged into
a live backplane, the card’s discharged filter capacitors
provide low impedance that can momentarily cause the
main power supply to collapse. The MAX5904–
MAX5909 reside either on the backplane or on the
removable card to provide inrush current limiting and
short-circuit protection. This is achieved by using exter-
nal N-channel MOSFETs, external current-sense resis-
tors, and two on-chip comparators. Figure 1shows the
MAX5906–MAX5909 functional diagram.
The MAX5904/MAX5905 have a fixed startup period
and current-limit threshold. The startup period and cur-
rent-limit threshold of the MAX5906–MAX5909 can be
adjusted with external resistors.
Startup Period

RTIMsets the duration of the startup period for the
MAX5906–MAX5909 from 0.4ms to 50ms (see the
Setting the Startup Periodsection). The duration of the
startup period is fixed at 9ms for the MAX5904/
MAX5905. The startup period begins after the following
three conditions are met:VIN1or VIN2exceeds the UVLO threshold (2.4V) for
the UVLO to startup delay (37.5ms).VONexceeds the channel 1 ON threshold (0.825V).The device is not latched or in its auto-retry delay.
(See Latched and Auto-Retry FaultManagement.)
The MAX5904–MAX5909 limit the load current if an
overcurrent fault occurs during startup. The slow com-
parator is disabled during the startup period and the
load current can be limited in two ways:Slowly enhancing the MOSFETs by limiting the
MOSFET gate charging currentLimiting the voltage across the external current-
sense resistor.
During the startup period the gate drive current is typi-
cally 100µA and decreases with the increase of the
gate voltage (see Typical Operating Characteristics).
This allows the controller to slowly enhance the
MOSFETs. If the fast comparator detects an overcur-
rent, the MAX5904–MAX5909 regulate the gate voltage
to ensure that the voltage across the sense resistor
does not exceed VSU,TH. This effectively regulates the
inrush current during startup. Figure 2shows the start-
up waveforms. PGOOD goes high impedance 0.75ms
after the startup period if no fault condition is present.
VariableSpeed/BiLevel Fault Protection

VariableSpeed/BiLevel fault protection incorporates two
comparators with different thresholds and response
times to monitor the load current (Figure 9). During the
startup period, protection is provided by limiting the
load current. Protection is provided in normal operation
(after the startup period has expired) by discharging
both MOSFET gates with a strong 3mA pulldown cur-
rent in response to a fault condition. After a fault,
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers

Figure 1. MAX5906–MAX5909 Functional Diagram
PGOOD is pulled low, the MAX5905/MAX5907/
MAX5909 stay latched off and the MAX5904/MAX5906/
MAX5908 automatically restart.
Slow Comparator Startup Period

The slow comparator is disabled during the startup
period while the external MOSFETs are turning on.
Disabling the slow comparator allows the device to
ignore the higher-than-normal inrush current charging
the board capacitors when a card is first plugged into a
live backplane.
Slow Comparator Normal Operation

After the startup period is complete the slow compara-
tor is enabled and the device enters normal operation.
The comparator threshold voltage (VSC,TH)is fixed at
25mV for the MAX5904/MAX5905 and is adjustable
from 25mV to 100mV for the MAX5906–MAX5909. The
slow comparator response time decreases to a mini-
mum of 110µs with a large overdrive voltage (Figure 9).
Response time is 3ms for a 1mV overdrive. The variable
speed response time allows the MAX5904–MAX5909 to
ignore low-amplitude momentary glitches, thus increas-
ing system noise immunity. After an extended overcur-
rent condition, a fault is generated, PGOOD is pulled
low, and the MOSFET gates are discharged with a
strong 3mA pulldown current.
Fast Comparator Startup Period

During the startup period the fast comparator regulates
the gate voltage to ensure that the voltage across the
sense resistor does not exceed VSU,TH. The startup
fast-comparator threshold voltage (VSU,TH) is scaled to
two times the slow-comparator threshold (VSC,TH).
Fast Comparator Normal Operation

In normal operation, if the load current reaches the fast-
comparator threshold, a fault is generated, PGOOD is
pulled low, and the MOSFET gates are discharged with
a strong 3mA pulldown current. This happens in the
event of a serious current overload or a dead short. The
fast-comparator threshold voltage (VFC,TH) is scaled to
four times the slow-comparator threshold (VSC,TH). This
comparator has a fast response time of 260ns (Figure 9).
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

The undervoltage lockout prevents the MAX5904–
MAX5909 from turning on the external MOSFETs until
one input voltage exceeds the UVLO threshold (2.4V)
for tD,UVLO. The MAX5904–MAX5909 use power from
the higher input voltage rail for the charge pumps. This
allows for more efficient charge-pump operation. The
UVLO protects the external MOSFETs from an insuffi-
cient gate drive voltage. tD,UVLOensures that the board
is fully inserted into the backplane and that the input
voltages are stable. Any input voltage transient on both
supplies below the UVLO threshold will reinitiate the
tD,UVLOand the startup period.
Latched and Auto-Retry Fault Management

The MAX5905/MAX5907/MAX5909 latch the external
MOSFETs off when a fault is detected. Toggling ON
below 0.4V or one of the supply voltages below the
UVLO threshold for at least 100µs clears the fault latch
and reinitiates the startup period. Similarly, the
MAX5904/MAX5906/MAX5908 turn the external
MOSFETs off when a fault is detected then automatical-
ly restart after the auto-retry delay that is internally set
to 64 times tSTART. During the auto-retry delay, toggling
ON below 0.4V does not clear the fault. The auto-retry
can be overridden causing the startup period to begin
immediately by toggling one of the supply voltages
below the UVLO threshold.
Output Voltage Monitor

The MAX5905–MAX5909 monitor the output voltages
with the MON1 and MON2 window comparator inputs.
These voltage monitors are enabled after the startup
period. Once enabled, the voltage monitor detects a
fault if VMON_ is less than 543mV or greater than
687mV. If an output voltage fault is detected PGOOD
pulls low. When the MAX5906/MAX5907 detect an out-
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
Timing Diagrams
MAX5904–MAX5909
Low-Voltage, Dual Hot-Swap Controllers/Power
Sequencers
Timing Diagrams (continued)
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