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MAX4397DCTM+-MAX4397DCTM+T-MAX4397SCTM+
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
General DescriptionThe MAX4397 dual SCART switch matrix routes audio
and video signals between an MPEG encoder and two
external SCART connectors under I2C control, and
meets the requirements of EN50049-1, IEC 933-1,
Canal+, and BSkyB standards.
The video and audio channels feature input source
selection multiplexers, input buffers, and output buffers
for routing all inputs to selected outputs. The MAX4397D
audio encoder input is differential DC-coupled, while the
MAX4397S audio encoder input is single-ended AC-
coupled. Except for the MAX4397D’s audio encoder
input, all other inputs and outputs are AC-coupled with
internal DC-biasing set to predefined levels.
The MAX4397 provides programmable gain control from
+5dB to +7dB in 1dB steps for Red, Green, and Blue
component video signals. All other video outputs have a
fixed +6dB gain. Additional features include an internal
Luma and Chroma (Y/C) mixer that generates a
Composite video signal (CVBS) to supply an RF
modulator output, and internal video reconstruction low-
pass filters with passband ripple between -1dB and
+1dB from 100kHz to 5.5MHz. The MAX4397 TV audio
channel features clickless switching and programmable
volume control from -56dB to +6dB in 2dB steps. The
VCR audio output also has programmable gain for
-6dB, 0dB, or +6dB. The device also generates
monaural audio from left and right stereo inputs.
All audio drivers deliver a 3.0VRMSminimum output.
The MAX4397 operates with standard 5V and 12V
power supplies and supports slow-switching and fast-
switching signals. The I2C interface programs the gain
and volume control, and selects the input source
for routing.
The MAX4397 is available in a compact 48-pin thin QFN
package and is specified over the 0°C to +70°C com-
mercial temperature range.
ApplicationsSatellite Set-Top Boxes
Cable Set-Top Boxes
TVs
VCRs
DVDs
FeaturesVideo Outputs Drive 2VP-P into 150ΩAudio Outputs Drive 3VRMSinto 10kΩClickless, Popless Audio Gain Control
and SwitchingAC-Coupled Video Inputs with Internal Clamp
and BiasDC-Coupled Video OutputsComposite Video Signal Created Internally from
Y/C InputsInternal Video Reconstruction Filters Provide
-40dB at 27MHzDifferential (MAX4397D) or Single-Ended
(MAX4397S) Audio Encoder InputRed/Chroma Switch for Bidirectional I/OI2C-Programmable RGB Gain from +5dB to +7dBI2C-Programmable Audio Gain Control from +6dB
to -56dBMeets EN50049-1, IEC 933-1, Canal+, and BSkyB
Requirements
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
Ordering Information19-3618; Rev 3; 5/07
Pin Configuration and Typical Application Circuits appear at
end of data sheet.
System Block Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
PARTTEMP
RANGEPIN-PACKAGEPKG
CODEMAX4397DCTM0°C to +70°C48 Thin QFN-EP*
(7mm x 7mm)T4877-6
MAX4397SCTM0°C to +70°C48 Thin QFN-EP*
(7mm x 7mm)T4877-6
*EP = Exposed paddle.
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, and VVIDto GNDVID,SET = 100kΩnominal, RLOAD= 150Ω, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VVIDto GNDVID........................................................-0.3V to +6V
V12to GNDAUD.....................................................-0.3V to +14V
VAUDto GNDAUD....................................................-0.3V to +6V
GNDAUD to GNDVID............................................-0.1V to +0.1V
All Video Inputs, ENCIN_FS, VCRIN_FS,
SET to GNDVID......................................-0.3V to (VVID+ 0.3V)
All Audio Inputs,
AUDBIAS to GNDAUD.........................-0.3V to (VAUD+ 0.3V)
SDA, SCL, DEV_ADDR to GNDVID..........................-0.3V to +6V
All Audio Outputs, TV_SS,
VCR_SS to GNDAUD...............................-0.3V to (V12+ 0.3V)
All Video Outputs, TVOUT_FS to VVID, VAUD,
GNDAUD, GNDVID................................................Continuous
All Audio Outputs to VVID, VAUD, V12,
GNDVID, GNDAUD................................................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
48-Pin Thin QFN (derate 27mW/°C above +70°C)......2105.3mW
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSVVID Supply Voltage RangeVVIDInferred from video gain test at 4.75V
and 5.2V4.755.05.25V
VAUD Supply Voltage RangeVAUDInferred from audio gain test at 4.75V
and 5.2V4.755.05.25V
V12 Supply Voltage RangeV12Inferred from slow switching levels11.412.012.6V
VVID Quiescent Supply CurrentIVID_QAll video output amplifiers are enabled,
no load69100mA
VVID Standby Supply CurrentIVID_S
All video output amplifiers are in shutdown,
and TV_FS_OUT driver is in shutdown, no
load60mA
VAUD Quiescent Supply CurrentIAUD_QNo load2.46mA
V12 Quiescent Supply CurrentI12_QNo load3.66mA
VIDEO CHARACTERISTICSCVBS and Y/C, 1VP-P input+5.5+6.0+6.5
+4.5+5.0+5.5
+5.5+6.0+6.5Voltage GainG_VR,G,B, 1VP-P input, (programmable gain
control)
+6.5+7.0+7.5
LP Filter AttenuationATTNTA = +25°C, f = 6MHz, VIN = 1VP-P1.23.3dB
LP Filter SuppressionSPPRTA = +25°C, f = 27MHz, VIN = 1VP-P3550dB
Slew RateSRVOUT = 2VP-P8V/µs
Settling TimetSVOUT = 2VP-P, settle to 0.1% (Note 2)380ns
Gain MatchingAG1VP-P input, between RGB or Y/C-0.5+0.5dB
Differential GainDG5-step modulated staircase0.4%
Differential PhaseDP5-step modulated staircase0.2degrees
Signal-to-RMS NoiseSNR_VVIN = 1VP-P65dB
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, and VVIDto GNDVID,SET = 100kΩnominal, RLOAD= 150Ω, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSGroup Delay VariationΔGDf = 0.1MHz to 4.43MHz14nS
Sync-Tip Clamp LevelV_CLMPRGB, Composite, and Luma input, no signal,
no load1.21V
Chroma BiasV_BIASChroma input only, no signal, no load1.9V
DroopDSet by input current-2+2%
Power-Supply Rejection RatioPSRR_VDC, 0.5VP-P48dB
CVBS, Y, or RGB video inputs, VIN > V_CLMP4MΩInput ImpedanceZINChroma video input, VIN = V_BIAS11kΩ
Input Clamp CurrentICLMPVIN = 1.75V2.558.0µA
Pulldown ResistanceRP
Enable VCR_R/C_OUT and TV_R/C_OUT
pulldown through I2C, (see registers 7 and 9
for loading register details)Ω
RGB, Composite, and Luma, no signal,
no load1.08Output Pin Bias VoltageVOUT
Chroma, no signal, no load2.27
CrosstalkXTLKBetween any two active inputs, f = 4.43MHz,
VIN = 1VP-P-50dB
Mute SuppressionM_SPR_Vf = 4.43MHz, VIN = 1VP-P, on one input only-50dB
AUDIO CHARACTERISTICS (Note 3)TV or VCR to stereo, gain = 0dB,
VIN = 1VP-P-0.50+0.5
TV or VCR to mono, gain = 0dB, VIN = 1VP-P2.533.5
ENC to stereo, gain = 0dB, VIN = 1VP-P3.023.524.02
Voltage Gain (From Application
Input)G_A
ENC to mono, gain = 0dB, VIN = 1VP-P6.026.527.02
Gain Matching Between
ChannelsΔG_AGain = 0dB, VIN = 1VP-P-0.50+0.5dB
FlatnessΔAf = 20Hz to 20kHz, 0.5VRMS input,
gain = 0dB0.01dB
Frequency BandwidthBW0.5VRMS input, frequency where output is
-3dB referenced to 1kHz230kHz
Input DC Level (Excluding
Encoder Inputs that are High
Impedance)
VINGain = 0dB0.2308
x V12V
Encoder Input Common-Mode
Voltage RangeVCMMAX4397D only,
input differential signal = 0V1.2VAUD -
0.7V
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, and VVIDto GNDVID,SET = 100kΩnominal, RLOAD= 150Ω, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSEncoder Common-Mode
Rejection RatioCMRRMAX4397D only, over VCM range40dB
Single-ended inputs, f = 1kHz, THD < 1%3
ENC inputs differential level, MAX4397D,
f = 1kHz, THD < 1%2.08Input Signal AmplitudeVIN_AC
ENC inputs single-ended, MAX4397S,
f = 1kHz, THD < 1%1.31
VRMS
Single ended: VCR_INR, VCR_INL, TV_INR,
TV_INL0.1
Encoder, MAX4397D: ENC_INL+, ENC_INL-,
ENC_INR+, ENC_INR-1
Input Resistance (Measured at
Parts Input)RIN
Encoder, MAX4397S: ENC_INL, ENC_INR0.1
Output DC LevelVOUT_DCVIN = 0V0.5 x
V12V
Signal-to-Noise RatioSNR_Af = 1.0kHz, 1VRMS application input,
gain = 0dB, 20Hz to 20kHz95dB
RLOAD = 10kΩ, f = 1.0kHz, 0.5VRMS output0.004Total Harmonic Distortion Plus
NoiseTHD+NRLOAD = 10kΩ, f = 1.0kHz, 2VRMS output0.004%
Output ImpedanceZOf = 1kHz1Ω
1.414VP-P input, programmable gain to TV
SCART volume control range extends from
-56dB to +6dB
Volume Attenuation StepASTEP
1.414VP-P input, programmable gain to VCR
audio extends from -6dB to +6dB5.566.5
From V12, f = 1kHz, 0.5VP-P,
(CAUD_BIAS = 47µF), gain = 0dB75
Power-Supply Rejection RatioPSRR_A
From VAUD, f = 1kHz, 0.5VP-P, VAUD ≥
+4.75V, VAUD ≤ +5.25V, gain = 0dB75
Mute SuppressionM_SPR_Af = 1kHz, 0.5VRMS input, set through I2C, see
register 1 for loading register details90dB
Audio Clipping LevelVCLIPf = 1kHz, 2.5VRMS input, gain = 6dB,
THD < 1%3.6VRMS
Left-to-Right CrosstalkXTLK_LRf = 1kHz, 0.5VRMS input, gain = 0dB80dB
CrosstalkXTLK_CC
TV SCART to VCR SCART or VCR SCART to
TV SCART, f = 1kHz, 0.5VRMS input, gain =
0dBdB
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, and VVIDto GNDVID,SET = 100kΩnominal, RLOAD= 150Ω, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
DIGITAL INTERFACE: SDA AND SCL (Note 5)Low-Level Input VoltageVIL00.8V
High-Level Input VoltageVIH2.6V
Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger
Input0.2V
ISINK = 3mA0.4SDA Low-Level Output VoltageVOLISINK = 6mA0.6V
Output Fall Time for SDA Line400pF bus load250ns
Spike Suppression50ns
Input Current-10+10µA
Input Capacitance5pF
SCL Clock Frequency0400kHz
Hold TimetHD,STA0.6µs
Low Period of SCL ClocktLOW1.3µs
High Period of SCL ClocktHIGH0.6µs
Setup Time for a Repeated Start
ConditiontSU,STA0.6µs
Data Hold TimetHD,DAT00.9µs
Data Setup TimetSU,DAT100ns
Setup Time for Stop ConditiontSU,STO0.6µs
Bus Free Time Between a Stop
and StarttBUF1.3µs
OTHER DIGITAL PINS (Note 5)DEV_ADDR Low Level0.8V
DEV_ADDR High Level2.6V
SLOW SWITCHING SECTION (Note 5)Input Low Level02V
Input Medium Level4.57.0V
Input High Level9.5V12V
Input Current50100µA
Output Low Level10kΩ to ground, internal TV,
11.4V < V12 < 12.6V01.5V
Output Medium Level10kΩ to ground, external 16/9,
11.4V < V12 < 12.6V5.06.5V
Output High Level10kΩ to ground, external 4/3,
11.4V < V12 < 12.6V10V12V
R/G/B VIDEO LARGE-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc01
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN (dB)
VIN = 1VP-P
RL = 150Ω TO GNDVID
GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc02
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GROUP DELAY (nS)
Y VIDEO LARGE-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4397 toc03
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN (dB)
VIN = 1VP-P
RL = 150Ω TO GNDVID
Typical Operating Characteristics(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, VVIDto GNDVIDno load, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, and VVIDto GNDVID,SET = 100kΩnominal, RLOAD= 150Ω, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical
values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNIT
FAST SWITCHING SECTION (Note 5)Input Low Level00.4V
Input High Level13V
Input Current110µA
Output Low LevelISINK = 0.5mA00.010.2V
Output High LevelISOURCE = 20mA, VVID - VOH0.752V
Fast Switching Output to RGB
Skew(Note 4)30ns
Fast Switching Output Rise Time150Ω to ground30ns
Fast Switching Output Fall Time150Ω to ground30ns
Note 1:All devices are 100% tested at TA= +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.
Note 2:The settling time is measured from the 50% of the input swing to the 0.1% of the final value of the output.
Note 3:Maximum load capacitance is 200pF. All the listed parameters are measured at application’s inputs, unless otherwise
noted. See the Typical Application Circuits.
Note 4:Difference in propagation delays of fast-blanking signal and RGB signals. Measured from 50% input transition to 50%
output transition. Signal levels to be determined.
Note 5:Guaranteed by design.
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
AUDIO CROSSTALK
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc08
FREQUENCY (kHz)
CROSSTALK (dB)0.1
VIN = 0.5VRMS
RL = 10kΩ TO GNDAUD
AUDIO LARGE-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc07
FREQUENCY (kHz)
GAIN (dB)
VIN = 0.5VRMS
RL = 10kΩ TO GNDAUD
AUDIO TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc09
FREQUENCY (kHz)
THD+N (%)1
AMPLITUDE = 3.0VRMS
AMPLITUDE = 0.5VRMS
AMPLITUDE = 2.0VRMS
R/G/B VIDEO SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4397 toc04
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN (dB)
VIN = 100mVP-P
RL = 150Ω TO GNDVID
Y VIDEO SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc05
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN (dB)
VIN = 100mVP-P
RL = 150Ω TO GNDVID
VIDEO CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc06
FREQUENCY (MHz)
CROSSTALK (dB)
VIN = 100mVP-P
RL = 150Ω TO GNDVID
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4397 toc10
FREQUENCY (kHz)
PSRR (dB)10.10.01100
WITH RESPECT TO V12
WITH RESPECT TO VAUD
VVID QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4397 toc11
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VID
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)25
ALL VIDEO OUTPUT AMPLIFIERS ENABLED
NO LOAD
ypical Operating Characteristics (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, VVIDto GNDVIDno load, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectorsypical Operating Characteristics (continued)(V12= 12V, VVID= VAUD = 5V, 0.1µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from VAUDto GNDAUD,
V12to GNDAUD, VVIDto GNDVIDno load, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
VVID STANDBY QUIESCENT SUPPLY
CURRENTvs. TEMPERATUREMAX4397 toc12
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VID
STANDBY QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)25
ALL VIDEO OUTPUT AMPLIFIERS DISABLED
V12 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4397 toc13
TEMPERATURE (°C)
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)25075
VAUD QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4397 toc14
TEMPERATURE (°C)
AUD
QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)25075
INPUT CLAMP AND BIAS LEVEL
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4397 toc15
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT CLAMP AND BIAS LEVEL (V)25075
BOTTOM LEVEL
CLAMP
BIAS
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4397 toc16
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT (25075
VIN = 1.75V
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGEMAX4397 toc17
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT (mA)321
OUTPUT BIAS VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4397 toc18
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT BIAS VOLTAGE (V)25
CHROMA
RGB, LUMA, CVBS
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
Pin Description
PIN
MAX4397DMAX4397S
NAMEFUNCTION1SDABidirectional Data I/O. I2C-compatible, 2-wire interface data input/output. Output is
open drain.2SCLSerial Clock Input. I2C-compatible, 2-wire clock interface.3DEV_ADDR
Device Address Set Input. Connect to GNDVID to set write and read addresses of
94h or 95h, respectively. Connect to VVID to set write and read address of 96h or
97h, respectively.—ENC_INL+Digital Encoder Left-Channel Audio Positive Input4ENC_INLDigital Encoder Left-Channel Audio Input—ENC_INL-Digital Encoder Left-Channel Audio Negative Input5, 7N.C.No Connection. Not internally connected.—ENC_INR+Digital Encoder Right-Channel Audio Positive Input6ENC_INRDigital Encoder Right-Channel Audio Input—ENC_INR-Digital Encoder Right-Channel Audio Negative Input8VCR_INRVCR SCART Right-Channel Audio Input9VCR_INLVCR SCART Left-Channel Audio Input10TV_INRTV SCART Right-Channel Audio Input11TV_INLTV SCART Left-Channel Audio Input12GNDAUDAudio Ground13AUD_BIASAudio Input Bias Voltage. Bypass AUD_BIAS with a 47µF capacitor and a 0.1µF
capacitor to GNDAUD.14VAUDAudio Supply. Connect to a +5V supply. Bypass with a 10µF aluminum electrolyte
capacitor in parallel with a 0.47µF low-ESR ceramic capacitor to GNDAUD.15VCR_OUTRVCR SCART Right-Channel Audio Output16VCR_OUTLVCR SCART Left-Channel Audio Output17RF_MONO_OUTRF Modulator Mono Audio Output18TV_OUTLTV SCART Left-Channel Audio Output19TV_OUTRTV SCART Right-Channel Audio Output20V12+12V Supply. Bypass V12 with a 10µF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF capacitor
to ground.21TV_SSTV SCART Bidirectional Slow-Switch Signal22VCR_SSVCR SCART Bidirectional Slow-Switch Signal23SETFilter Cutoff Frequency Set Input. Connect 100kΩ resistor from SET to ground.
24, 3624, 36VVIDVideo and Digital Supply. Connect to a +5V supply. Bypass with a 0.01µF
capacitor to GNDVID. VVID also serves as a digital supply for the I2C interface.25VCRIN_FSVCR SCART Fast-Switching Input26ENCIN_FSDigital Encoder Fast-Switching Input27TVOUT_FSTV SCART Fast-Switching Output. This signal is used to switch the TV to its RGB
inputs for on-screen display purposes.28GNDVIDVideo Ground
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
Pin Description (continued)
PIN
MAX4397DMAX4397S
NAMEFUNCTION29RF_CVBS_OUTRF Modulator Composite Video Output. Internally biased at 1V.30TV_Y/CVBS_OUTTV SCART Luma/Composite Video Output. Internally biased at 1V.31TV_R/C_OUTTV SCART Red/Chroma Video Output. Internally biased at 1V for Red video signal
and 2.2V for Chroma video signal.32TV_G_OUTTV SCART Green Video Output. Internally biased at 1V.33TV_B_OUTTV SCART Blue Video Output. Internally biased at 1V.34VCR_Y/CVBS_OUTVCR SCART Luma/Composite Video Output. Internally biased at 1V.35VCR_R/C_OUTVCR SCART Red/Chroma Video Output. Internally biased at 1V for Red video
signals and 2.2V for Chroma video signal.37TV_R/C_INTV SCART Red/Chroma Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V for Red video
signals, or 1.9V for Chroma video signals.38TV_Y/CVBS_INTV SCART Luma/Composite Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.39VCR_Y/CVBS_INVCR SCART Luma/Composite Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.40VCR_R/C_INVCR SCART Red/Chroma Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V for Red video
signals and 1.9V for Chroma video signals.41VCR_G_INVCR SCART Green Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.42VCR_B_INVCR SCART Blue Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.43ENC_Y/CVBS_INDigital Encoder Luma/Composite Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.44ENC_R/C_INDigital Encoder Red/Chroma Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V for Red video
signals, or 1.9V for Chroma video signals.45ENC_G_INDigital Encoder Green Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.46ENC_B_INDigital Encoder Blue Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.47ENC_Y_INDigital Encoder Luma Video Input. Internally biased at 1.2V.48ENC_C_INDigital Encoder Chroma Video Input. Internally biased at 1.9V.EPGNDAUDExposed Paddle. Solder to the circuit board ground (GNDAUD) for proper thermal
and electrical performance.
Detailed DescriptionThe MAX4397 is a switch matrix that routes audio and
video signals between different ports using the I2C
interface. The ports consist of the MPEG decoder out-
put, and two SCART connectors for the TV and VCR.
Per EN50049 and IEC 933, the encoder can only input
a signal to the SCART connector, while TV and VCR
SCART connectors are bidirectional.
The MAX4397 circuitry consists of four major sections:
the video section, the audio section, the slow- and fast-
switching section, and the digital interface.
The video section consists of clamp and bias circuitry,
input buffers, reconstruction filters, a switch matrix, a
Y/C mixer, and output buffers. All video inputs are AC-
coupled through a 0.1µF capacitor to set an acceptable
DC level using clamp or bias networks. The bidirection-
al Red/Chroma outputs can be connected to ground
using I2C control to make them terminations when
Red/Chroma is an input (see the Video Inputssection).
The audio section features an input buffer, a switching
matrix, volume- or gain-control circuitry, and output dri-
vers. The audio inputs are AC-coupled through a 0.1µF
capacitor. Only the audio encoder inputs of the
MAX4397D are different from the MAX4397S. The
MAX4397S has a single-ended audio encoder input
while the audio encoder input for the MAX4397D is dif-
ferential. The TV output audio path has volume control
from -56dB to +6dB in 2dB steps, while the VCR output
audio path has volume control from -6dB to +6dB in
6dB steps. The MAX4397 can be configured to switch
inputs during a zero-crossing function to reduce clicks.
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART ConnectorsThe slow-switching feature allows for bidirectional, tri-
level, slow-switching input and output signals at pin
VCR_SS and TV_SS, respectively. The slow-switching
signals from the VCR set the aspect ratio or video source
of the TV screen. See the Slow Switchingsection.
Fast switching consists of two inputs from the encoder
and VCR, and one output to the TV to insert an on-
screen display (OSD). Fast switching is used to route
video signals from the VCR or from the encoder to the
TV. In addition, the fast-switching output can be config-
ured to a high or low voltage. Fast switching is con-
trolled through the I2C interface.
The digital block contains the 2-wire interface circuitry,
control, and status registers. The MAX4397 can be
configured through an I2C-compatible interface.
DEV_ADDR sets the I2C-compatible address.
SCART Video SwitchingThe MAX4397 switches video signals between an MPEG
decoder, TV SCART, and VCR SCART. The video switch
includes reconstruction filters, multiplexed video ampli-
fiers, and a Y/C mixer driver for an RF modulator. See
Figure1 for the functional diagram of the video section.
While the SCART connector supports RGB, S-video, and
Composite video formats, RGB, and S-video typically
share a bidirectional set of SCART connector pins.
CLAMP/BIASTV_R/C_IN
CLAMPTV_Y/CVBS_IN
CLAMPVCR_B_IN
CLAMPVCR_G_IN
CLAMP/BIASVCR_R/C_IN
VCRIN_FS
CLAMPVCR_Y/CVBS_IN
CLAMPENC_Y/CVBS_IN
CLAMP/BIASENC_R/C_IN
CLAMPENC_G_IN
CLAMPENC_B_IN
CLAMPENC_Y_IN
ENCIN_FS
BIASENC_C_IN
0.7V
0.7V
2kΩ
2kΩV12
VCR_Y/CVBS_OUT
VCR_R/C_OUT
TV_R/C_OUT
TV_G_OUT
TV_B_OUT
TV_Y/CVBS_OUT
TVOUT_FS
RF_CVBS_OUT
TV_SS
VCR_SS
BIAS
PULLDOWN
TVRCOUT
VGA
5dB, 6dB, OR 7dB
PULLDOWN
VCRRCOUT
VGA
5dB, 6dB, OR 7dB
VGA
5dB, 6dB, OR 7dB
MAX4397
FILTER
FILTER
MIXER
SLOW SWITCHING
FILTER
FILTER
FILTER
FILTER
Figure1. MAX4397 Video Section Functional Diagram
MAX4397
Video InputsAll video inputs are AC-coupled with an external 0.1µF
capacitor. Either a clamp or bias circuit sets the DC
input level of the video signals. The clamp circuit posi-
tions the sync tip of the Composite (CVBS), the
Component RGB, or the S-Video Luma signal. If the sig-
nal does not have a sync tip, then the clamp positions
the minimum of the signal at the clamp voltage. The bias
circuitry is used to position the S-video Chroma signal at
midlevel of the Luma (Y) signal. On the video inputs that
can receive either a Chroma or a Red video signal, the
bias or clamp circuit is selected through I2C. See Tables
3–12 for loading register details.
The MPEG decoder and VCR uses the RGB format and
fast switching to insert an on-screen display (OSD), usu-
ally text, onto the TV. The MAX4397 supports RGB as an
input from either the VCR or the MPEG decoder and as
an output only to the TV. The Red video signal of the
RGB format and the Chroma video signal of the S-VHS
format share the same SCART connector pin. Therefore,
RGB and S-video signals cannot be present at the same
time. Loop-through is possible with a Composite video
signal but not with RGB signals because the RGB
SCART pins are used for both input and output.
In SCART, there is the possibility of a bidirectional use
of the Red/Chroma pin. When using the Red/Chroma
pin as an input port, terminate the Red/Chroma output
with a 75Ωresistor to ground. Thus, a ground state is
provided by an active pulldown to GNDVID on the
Red/Chroma output to support the bidirectional Chroma
or Red I/O, turning the output source resistors into ter-
minations (see Figure2). The active pulldown also pro-
vides the “Mute Output” function, and disables the
deselected video outputs. The “Mute Output” state is
the default power-on state for video.
For high-quality home video, the MPEG decoder, VCR,
and TV use the S-video format. The MAX4397 supports
S-video signals as an input from the VCR, the MPEG
decoder, and the TV, and also as a separately switch-
able output to the TV and VCR. Because S-video sup-
port was not included in the original specifications of
the SCART connector, the Luma (Y) signal of S-video
and the CVBS signal share the same SCART connector
pins. If S-video is present, then a Composite signal
must be created from the Y and C signals to drive the
RF_CVBS_OUT pin. For S-video, loop-through is not
possible since the Chroma SCART port is used for both
input and output.
The MAX4397 supports Composite video (CVBS) for-
mat, with inputs from the VCR, MPEG decoder, and TV.
Full loop-through is possible to the TV and VCR only,
since the MPEG decoder SCART connector has sepa-
rate input and output pins for the CVBS format.
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART ConnectorsCLAMP
CLAMP/BIAS
TV_R/C_IN
VIDEO INPUT
TV_R/C_IN
VIDEO INPUT
75Ω
0.1µF0.1µF
75ΩPIN 15
PIN 13
PIN 15
PIN 13
MAX4397MAX4397
TV_R/C_OUT
PULLDOWN
SCART
CABLE
SCART
CONNECTORS
PULLDOWN
CLAMP
TV_R/C_OUT
CLAMP/BIAS
Figure2. Bidirectional SCART Pins
Video OutputsThe DC level at the video outputs is controlled so that
coupling capacitors are not required, and all of the video
outputs are capable of driving a DC-coupled, 150Ω,
back-terminated coax load with respect to ground.
In a typical television input circuit (see Figure3) the
video output driver on the SCART chip only needs to
source current. Users should note that, while the
SCART specification states 75Ωimpedance, in prac-
tice, typical SCART chip implementations assume 75Ω
input resistance to ground (and source current from the
video output stage).
Since some televisions and VCRs use the horizontal
sync height for automatic gain control, the MAX4397
accurately reproduces the sync height to within ±2%.
Slow SwitchingThe MAX4397 supports the IEC 933-1, Amendment 1,
tri-level slow switching that selects the aspect ratio for
the display (TV). Under I2C-compatible control, the
MAX4397 sets the slow-switching output voltage level.
Table1 shows the valid input levels of the slow-switch-
ing signal and the corresponding operating modes of
the display device.
Two bidirectional ports are available for slow-switching
signals for the TV and VCR. The slow-switching input
status is continuously read and stored in the register
0Eh. The slow-switching outputs can be set to a logic
level or high impedance by writing to registers 07h and
09h. See Tables8 and 10 for details.
Fast SwitchingThe VCR or MPEG decoder outputs a fast-switching
signal to the display device or TV to insert on-screen
display (OSD). The fast-switching signal can also be
set to a constant high or low output signal through the
I2C interface. The fast-switching output can be set
through writing to register 07h.
Y/C MixerThe MAX4397 includes an on-chip mixer to produce
Composite video (CVBS) when S-video (Y and C) is
present. The Composite video drives the
RF_CVBS_OUT output pin. The circuit sums Y and C
signals to obtain the CVBS component. A +6dB output
buffer drives RF_CVBS_OUT.
Video Reconstruction FilterThe encoder DAC outputs need to be lowpass-filtered
to reject the out-of-band noise. The MAX4397 inte-
grates the reconstruction filter. The filter is fourth order,
which is composed of two Sallen-Key biquad in cas-
cade, implementing a Butterworth-type transfer func-
tion. The internal reconstruction filters feature a 6MHz
cutoff frequency, and -35dB minimum attenuation at
27MHz. Note that the SET pin is used to set the accura-
cy of the filter cutoff frequency. Connect a 100kΩresis-
tor from SET to ground.
SCART Audio Switching
Audio InputsAll audio inputs for the MAX4397S are single-ended
and are AC-coupled. The MAX4397D audio inputs are
singled-ended and AC-coupled except for the audio
encoder input, which is differential DC-coupled.
The audio block has three stereo audio inputs from the
TV, the VCR, and the MPEG decoder SCART. Each
input has a 100kΩresistor connected to an internally
generated voltage equal to 0.23 x V12, except for the
encoder input of the MAX4397D, where the DC bias is
fixed externally.
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
Table1. Slow-Switching Modes
SLOW-SWITCHING
SIGNAL VOLTAGE
(V)
MODE0 to 2
Display device uses an internal source
such as a built-in tuner to provide a
video signal
4.5 to 7.0
Display device uses a video signal from
the SCART connector and sets the
display to 16:9 aspect ratio
9.5 to 12.6
Display device uses a signal from the
SCART connector and sets the display
to 4:3 aspect ratio
MAX4397
SET-TOP BOX
+5V
VIDEO
OUTPUTDC
RESTORE
SCART
CABLE0.1µF
5kΩ75Ω
INPUT
TERMINATION
RESISTOR
75Ω
BACK
TERMINATION
RESISTOR
Figure3. Typical TV Input Circuit
MAX4397
Audio OutputsBoth right and left channels have a stereo output for the
TV and VCR SCART. The monaural output, which is a
mix of the TV right and left channels, drives the RF
modulator, RF_MONO_OUT. The monaural mixer, a
resistor summer, attenuates the amplitude of each of
the two signals by 6dB. A 12.54dB gain block follows
the monaural mixer. If the left and right audio channels
were completely uncorrelated, then a 9.54dB gain
block is used. See Figures 4 and 5 for the functional
diagram of the audio section.
Clickless SwitchingThe TV channel incorporates a zero-crossing detect
(ZCD) circuit that minimizes click noise due to abrupt
signal level changes that occur when switching
between audio signals at an arbitrary moment.
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART ConnectorsENC_INL+
AUDIO INPUTSAUDIO OUTPUTSENC_INL-
TV_INL
VCR_INL
DIFF/SE
DIFF/SE
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE
Σ/2
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE IS AN INTERNAL SIGNAL
-6dB, 0dB, OR +6dB
-6dB, 0dB, OR +6dB
9.54dB
9.54dB
12.54dB
GNDAUD
9.54dB
ZCD
TV_OUTL
RF_MONO_OUT
TV_OUTR
VOLUME CONTROL BYPASS
VOLUME CONTROL
+6dB TO -56dB
VOLUME CONTROL
+6dB TO -56dB2C
VCR_OUTL
VCR_OUTR
9.54dB
ENC_INR+
ENC_INR-
TV_INR
VCR_INR
VOLUME CONTROL BYPASS
Figure4. MAX4397D Audio Section Functional Diagram
To implement the zero-crossing function when switch-
ing audio signals, set the ZCD bit by loading register
00h through the I2C-compatible interface (if the ZCD bit
is not already set). Then set the mute bit low by loading
register 00h. Next, wait for a sufficient period of time for
the audio signal to cross zero. This period is a function
of the audio signal path’s low-frequency 3dB corner
(fL3dB). Thus, if fL3dB= 1kHz, the time period to wait for
a zero-crossing detect is 1/2kHz or 0.5ms.
Next, set the appropriate TV switches using register
01h. Finally, clear the mute bit (while leaving the ZCD
bit high) using register 00h. The MAX4397 switches the
signal out of mute at the next zero crossing.
To implement the zero-cross function for TV volume
changes, or for TV and phono volume bypass switch-
ing, simply ensure the ZCD bit in register 00h is set.
MAX4397
Audio/Video Switch for Dual SCART Connectors
AUDIO INPUTSAUDIO OUTPUTSENC_INL
TV_INL
VCR_INL
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE
Σ/2
MUTEMUTE
MUTE
MUTE
MUTE IS AN INTERNAL SIGNAL
-6dB, 0dB, OR +6dB
-6dB, 0dB, OR +6dB
9.54dB
9.54dB
12.54dB
GNDAUD
9.54dB
ZCD
TV_OUTL
RF_MONO_OUT
TV_OUTR
VOLUME CONTROL BYPASS
VOLUME CONTROL
+6dB TO -56dB
VOLUME CONTROL
+6dB TO -56dB2C
VCR_OUTL
VCR_OUTR
9.54dB
ENC_INR
TV_INR
VCR_INR
VOLUME CONTROL BYPASS
Figure5. MAX4397S Audio Section Features Singled-Ended Encoder Input
