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MAX3996CTP+ |MAX3996CTPMAXIMN/a450avai+3.0V to +5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL and Laser Driver
MAX3996CTP+TMAXIMN/a181avai+3.0V to +5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL and Laser Driver


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MAX749ESA ,Digitally Adjustable LCD Bias SupplyGeneral Description ________


MAX3996CTP+-MAX3996CTP+T
+3.0V to +5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL and Laser Driver
General Description
The MAX3996 is a high-speed laser driver for small-
form-factor (SFF) fiber optic LAN transmitters. It con-
tains a bias generator, a laser modulator, and
comprehensive safety features. Automatic power con-
trol (APC) adjusts the laser bias current to maintain
average optical power, regardless of changes in tem-
perature or laser properties. The driver accommodates
common anode or differential laser configurations. The
output current range of the MAX3996 is appropriate for
VCSELs and high-efficiency edge-emitting lasers.
The MAX3996 operates up to 3.2Gbps. It can switch up
to 30mA of laser modulation current and sink up to
60mA bias current. Adjustable temperature compensa-
tion is provided to keep the optical extinction ratio with-
in specifications over the operating temperature range.
The MAX3996 accommodates various laser packages,
including low-cost TO-46 headers. Low deterministic jit-
ter (9psP-P), combined with fast edge transitions,
(65ps) provides excellent margins compared to indus-
try-standard transmitter eye masks.
This laser driver provides extensive safety features to
guarantee single-point fault tolerance. Safety features
include a transmit disable, redundant shutdown, and
laser-bias monitoring. The safety circuit detects faults
that could cause hazardous light levels and immediate-
ly disables the laser output. The MAX3996 safety cir-
cuits are compliant with SFF and small-form-factor
pluggable (SFP) multisource agreements (MSA).
The MAX3996 is available in a compact 4mm ✕4mm,
20-pin QFN package and a 20-pin thin QFN package. It
operates over a temperature range of 0°C to +70°C.
Applications

Fibre Channel Optical Transmitters
VCSEL Transmitters
Gigabit Ethernet Optical Transmitters
ATM LAN Optical Transmitters
10 Gigabit Ethernet WWDM
Features
9psP-PDeterministic Jitter20-Pin QFN 4mm ✕4mm Package3.0V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Automatic Power ControlIntegrated Safety Circuits30mA Laser Modulation CurrentTemperature Compensation of Modulation
Current
Compliant with SFF and SFP MSA
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver

MAX3996
0.01μF
0.01μF
CPORDLY
RTCRMODCCOMPN.C.
0.01μF
0.01μF
0.01μF
L1*
25Ω
OPTIONAL SHUTDOWN
CIRCUITRY
1.8kΩ
VCC
VCC
VCCTX_DISABLE
FAULT
IN+
IN-
PORDLYMODSETMON1MON2COMPGND
BIAS
OUT+
OUT-
SHDNDRV
*FERRITE BEAD
RSET
Typical Application Circuit
Ordering Information

19-2194; Rev 3; 5/04
PARTTEMP
RANGE
PIN-
PACKAGE
PACKAGE
CODE

MAX3996CGP0°C to +70°C20 QFNG2044-3
MAX3996CTP+0°C to +70°C20 Thin QFNT2044-3
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.

+Denotes Lead-Free Package
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VCC= 3.0V to 5.5V, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC= 3.3V, TC pin not connected, TA=
+25°C.) (Figure 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Supply Voltage at VCC...........................................-0.5V to +7.0V
Voltage at TX_DISABLE, PORDLY, MON1, COMP,
IN+, IN-, MD, BIAS, MODSET, TC..........-0.5V to (VCC+ 0.5V)
Voltage between COMP and MON2.....................................2.3V
Voltage between IN+ and IN-..................................................5V
Voltage at OUT+, OUT-.........................(VCC- 2V) to (VCC+ 2V)
Voltage between MON1 and MON2.....................................1.5V
Voltage between BIAS and MON2...........................................4V
Current into FAULT, SHDNDRV..........................-1mA to +25mA
Current into OUT+, OUT-....................................................60mA
Current into BIAS..............................................................120mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
20-Pin QFN (derate 20mW/°C)...................................1600mW
Operating Ambient Temperature Range.............-40°C to +85°C
Operating Junction Temperature Range...........-40°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-55°C to +150°C
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS

VCC = 3.3V, IMOD = 15mA47
Supply Current
ICC
(Figure1)
(Note 1)
VCC = 5.5V, IMOD = 30mA,
RMODSET = 2.37kΩ5275mA
Data Input Voltage SwingVIDTotal differential signal (Figure 2)2002200mVP-P
TX_DISABLE Input Current0 < VPIN < VCC-100+100µA
TX_DISABLE Input High VoltageVIH2.0V
TX_DISABLE Input Low VoltageVIL0.8V
FAULT Output High VoltageVOHIOH = -100µA, 4.7kΩ < RFAULT < 10kΩ2.4V
FAULT Output Low VoltageVOLIOL = 1mA0.4V
BIAS GENERATOR

Minimum Bias CurrentIBIASCurrent into BIAS pin1mA
Maximum Bias CurrentIBIASCurrent into BIAS pin60mA
APC loop is closed1.041.12
FAULT = highVCC - 0.73MD Quiescent VoltageVMD
TX_DISABLE = highVCC - 0.73
Monitor ResistanceRMON(Figure 4)9.31112.7Ω
MD Input CurrentFAULT = low, TX_DISABLE = low-3+0.8+3µA
BIAS Current During FaultIBIAS_OFF10µA
APC Time ConstantCCOMP = 0.1µF35µs
POWER-ON RESET (POR)

POR ThresholdMeasured at VCC2.652.73.0V
PORDLY = open (Note 3)3055µsPOR DelaytPORDLYCPORDLY = 0.001µF (Note 3)1.72.4ms
POR Hysteresis20mV
SHUTDOWN

ISHDNDRV = 10µA, FAULT = highVCC - 0.4
ISHDNDRV = 1mA, FAULT = lowVCC - 2.4Voltage at SHDNDRV
ISHDNDRV = 15mA, FAULT = low0VCC - 1.2
LASER MODULATOR

Data Rate< 3.2Gbps
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VCC= 3.0V to 5.5V, TA= 0°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC= 3.3V, TC pin not connected, TA=
+25°C.) (Figure 1)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS

Minimum Modulation CurrentiMOD2mAP-P
Maximum Modulation CurrentiMODRL ≤ 25Ω3040mAP-P
Accuracy of Modulation Current
(Part-to-Part Variation)
RMODSET = 2.37kΩ
(iMOD ≈ 30mAP-P into 25Ω)-10+10%
iMOD = 5mA into 25Ω, 20% to 80% (Note 3)54100
iMOD = 10mA into 25Ω, 20% to 80% (Note 3)55125Edge Transition Timetr, tf
iMOD = 30mA into 25Ω, 20% to 80% (Note 3)65130
iMOD = 5mA into 25Ω (Notes 2, 3)1735
iMOD = 10mA into 25Ω (Notes 2, 3)1422Deterministic Jitter
iMOD = 30mA into 25Ω (Notes 2, 3)920
psP-P
Random Jitter(Note 3)28psRMS
Modulation Current During FaultiMOD_OFF15200µAP-P
Tempco = MAX, RMOD = open4000Modulation Current TempcoTempco = MIN, RTC = open50ppm/°C
Input ResistanceRINDifferential85115Ω
Output ResistanceROUTSingle ended; outputs to VCC425058Ω
Input Common-Mode VoltageVCC - 0.3V
SAFETY FEATURES (See Typical Operating Characteristics)

MODSET and TC Pin
Fault Threshold200mV
BIAS Pin Fault ThresholdA fault will be triggered if VBIAS is less than
this voltage300400mV
Excessive Bias Current FaultA fault will be triggered if VMON2 exceeds
this voltage400440mV
TX Disable Timet_offTime from rising edge of TX_DISABLE to
IBIAS = IBIAS _OFF and i M OD = i M OD_OFF ( Note 3) 0.065µs
TX Disable Negate Timet_onTime from falling edge of TX_DISABLE to
IBIA S and i M OD at 95% of stead y state ( N ote 3) 37500µs
Reset Initialization Timet_init
Fr om p ow er ON or neg ation of FAU LT usi ng
TX _D IS ABLE . Ti me to set FAULT = l ow, i M OD =
95% of stead y state and IBIAS = 95% of steady
state ( N ote 3)200ms
Fault Assert Timet_faultTime from fault to FAULT = high, CFAULT
< 20pF, RFAULT = 4.7kΩ (Note 3)1450µs
TX_DISABLE Resett_resetTime TX_DISABLE must be held high to
reset FAULT (Note 3)0.011µs
Note 1:
Supply current excludes bias and modulation currents.
Note 2:
Deterministic jitter is the peak-to-peak deviation from the ideal time crossings measured with a K28.5 bit pattern
Note 3:AC characteristics guaranteed by design and characterization.
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver
Typical Operating Characteristics

(VCC= 3.3V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
120mV/
div
64ps/div
ELECTRICAL EYE DIAGRAM
(iMOD = 30mA, 27 - 1 PRBS, 2.5Gbps)

MAX3996 toc01
25Ω LOAD
120mV/
div
52ps/div
ELECTRICAL EYE DIAGRAM
(iMOD = 30mA, 27 - 1 PRBS, 3.2Gbps)

MAX3996 toc02
25Ω LOAD
57ps/div
OPTICAL EYE DIAGRAM
(iMOD = 5mA, 850nm VCSEL, 27 - 1 PRBS,
2.5Gbps, 1870MHz FILTER)

MAX3996 toc03
57ps/div
MAX3996 toc04
OPTICAL EYE DIAGRAM
(iMOD = 15mA, 1310nm LASER, 27 - 1 PRBS,
2.5Gbps, 1870MHz FILTER)

TRANSITION TIME
vs. MODULATION CURRENT

MAX3996 toc05
iMOD (mA)
TRANSITION TIME (ps)
FALL TIME
RISE TIME
DETERMINISTIC JITTER
vs. MODULATION CURRENT

MAX3996 toc06
iMOD (mA)
DETERMINISTIC JITTER (ps
P-P
TOTAL DJ
PWD
SUPPLY CURRENT vs.
TEMPERATURE (iMOD = 15mA)
MAX3996 toc07
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
EXCLUDES IBIAS, iMOD
25Ω LOAD
10μ
100μ
10m
100m
POR DELAY vs. CPORDLY

MAX3996 toc08
CPORDLY (F)
POR DELAY (s)
10p1n100p10n100n
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver

LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VCC
FAULT
10.0ms/div
HOT PLUG WITH
TX_DISABLE LOW

MAX3996 toc09
3.3V
t_init = 23mS
LOW
LOWypical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC= 3.3V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VCC
FAULT
10.0ms/div
STARTUP WITH SLOW
RAMPING SUPPLY

MAX3996 toc100V
LOW
LOW
3.3V
LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VCC
FAULT
20.0μs/div
TRANSMITTER ENABLE

MAX3996 toc11
LOW
LOW
HIGH
3.3V
t_on = 37μs
LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VCC
FAULT
20.0ns/div
TRANSMITTER DISABLE

MAX3996 toc12
LOW
LOW
HIGH
3.3V
t_off = 60ns
ELECTRICAL
OUPUT
FAULT
VMON2
IBIAS
10.0μs/div
RESPONSE TO FAULT

MAX3996 toc13
OFF
LOW
HIGH
t_fault = 14μs
EXTERNALLY
FORCED FAULT
LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VTC
FAULT
10.0μs/div
FAULT RECOVERY TIME

MAX3996 toc14
EXTERNAL
FAULT REMOVED
LASER
OUPUT
TX_DISABLE
VTC
FAULT
1.00ms/div
FREQUENT ASSERTION OF
TX_DISABLE

MAX3996 toc15
EXTERNALLY
FORCED FAULT
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTION

1TCTemperature Compensation Set. The resistor at TC programs the temperature-increasing component
of the laser-modulation current.FAULTFault Indicator. See Table 1.
3, 9GNDGroundTX_DISABLETransmit Disable. Laser output is disabled when TX_DISABLE is high or left unconnected. The laser
output is enabled when this pin is asserted low.PORDLYPower-On Reset Delay. A capacitor connected between PORDLY and GND can be used to extend the
delay for the power-on reset circuit. See the Design Procedure section.
6, 16, 19VCCSupply VoltageIN+Noninverting Data InputIN-Inverting Data InputMON1Attaches to the emitter of the bias driving transistor through a 10Ω resistor. See the Design Procedure
section.MON2This pin attaches to the emitter of the bias driving transistor. See the Design Procedure section.COMPA capacitor connected from this pin to ground sets the dominant pole of the APC loop. See the Design
Procedure section.MDMonitor Diode Connection. MD is used for automatic power control.SHDNDRVShutdown Driver Output. Provides a redundant laser shutdown.BIASLaser Bias Current OutputOUT+Positive Modulation-Current Output. Current flows from this pin when input data is high.OUT-Negative Modulation-Current Output. Current flows to this pin when input data is high.MODSETA resistor connected from this pin to ground sets the desired modulation current.Exposed PadGround. This must be soldered to the circuit board ground for proper thermal and electrical
performance. See the Layout Considerations section.
Detailed Description
The MAX3996 contains a bias generator with automatic
power control and smooth start, a laser modulator, a
power-on reset (POR) circuit, and safety circuitry
(Figure 3).
Bias Generator

Figure 4 shows the bias generator circuitry that con-
tains a power-control amplifier, smooth-start circuitry,
and two bias-fault sensors. The power-control amplifier
combined with an internal NPN transistor provides DC
laser current to bias the laser in a light-emitting state.
The APC circuitry adjusts the laser bias current to main-
tain average power over temperature and changing
laser properties. The smooth-start circuitry prevents
current spikes to the laser during power-up or enable,
ensuring compliance with safety requirements and
extending the life of the laser.
The MD input is connected to the anode of a monitor
diode, which is used to sense laser power. The BIAS
output is connected to the cathode of the laser through
an inductor or ferrite bead. The power-control amplifier
drives a transistor to control the laser’s bias current. In
a fault condition (Table 1), the base of the bias-driving
transistor is pulled low to ensure that bias current is
turned off.
MAX3996
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver

MAX3996
MODULATION CURRENT
GENERATOR
VCC
3.0V TO 5.5V
ICC
IN+
IN-
0.01μF
0.01μF
VIDRIN
ROUTROUT
VCC
OUT-
OUT+
0.01μF
25Ω
0.01μF
25Ω
iMOD
iOUT
FERRITE
BEAD*
RMOD
MODSETTC
*MURATA
BLM11HA102SG
Figure 1. Output Load for AC Specification
iMOD
CURRENT
VID = VIN+ - VIN-
VIN-
VIN+
VOLTS
TIME
100mVP-P MIN
1100mVP-P MAX
200mVP-P MIN
2200mVP-P MAX
SINGLE-ENDED SIGNAL
DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL
Figure 2. Required Input Signal and Modulation-Current Polarity
MAX3996
SAFETY
CIRCUITRYBIAS
GENERATOR
WITH SMOOTH
START
MODULATION CURRENT
GENERATOR
MODULATION
ENABLE
MODULATION
FAULT
100Ω
IN+
IN-
INPUT BUFFERLASER
MODULATION
50Ω50Ω
VCC
OUT-
OUT+MODSET
POR CIRCUIT
BIAS ENABLE
BIAS
COMP
MON1
MON2
PORDLY
TX_DISABLE
VCCFAULTSHDNDRV
Figure 3. Laser Driver Functional Diagram
MAX3996
RMON (11Ω)
400mV
400mVBIAS
DISABLE
1.1V
SMOOTH START
POWER-CONTROL
AMPLIFIER
BIAS
FAULT 1
BIAS
FAULT 2
BIAS
MON2
MON1
COMP
Figure 4. Bias Circuitry
MAX3996
Smooth-Start

During startup, the laser does not emit light, and the
APC loop is not closed. The smooth-start circuit pulls
the MD pin to approximately 2.5V during the POR delay
and while TX_DISABLE is high. This causes the power-
control amplifier to shut off the bias transistor. When
POR delay is over and TX_DISABLE is low, the MD pin
is released and pulled to GND by RSETbecause there
is no laser power and thus no monitor diode current.
The output voltage of the power-control amplifier then
begins to increase. A capacitor attached to COMP
(CCOMP) slows the slew rate and allows a controlled
increase in bias current (Figure 11). Maxim recom-
mends CCOMP= 0.1µF.
Modulation Circuitry

The modulation circuitry consists of an input buffer, a
current mirror, and a high-speed current switch (Figure
5). The modulator drives up to 30mA of modulation cur-
rent into a 25Ωload.
Many of the modulator performance specifications
depend on total modulator current. To ensure good driver
performance, the voltage at either OUT+ or OUT- must
not be less than VCC- 1V.
The amplitude of the modulation current is set with resis-
tors at the MODSET and temperature coefficient (TC)
pins. The resistor at MODSET (RMOD) programs the
temperature-stable portion of the modulation current,
and the resistor at TC (RTC) programs the temperature-
increasing portion of the modulation current. Figure 6
shows modulation current as a function of temperature
for two extremes: RTCis open (the modulation current
has zero temperature coefficient), and RMODis open
(the modulation temperature coefficient is 4000ppm/°C).
Intermediate temperature coefficient values of the mod-
ulation current can be obtained as described in the
Design Procedure section. Table 2 is the RTCand RMOD
selection table.
Safety Circuitry

The safety circuitry contains a disable input, a fault
latch, and fault detectors (Figure 7). This circuitry moni-
tors the operation of the laser driver and forces a shut-
down if a single-point fault is detected. A single-point
fault can be a short to VCCor GND, or between any two
3.0V to 5.5V, 2.5Gbps VCSEL
and Laser Driver
PINFAULT CONDITION

MON2VMON2 > 400mV
BIASVBIAS < 400mV
TC, MODSETVMODSET or VTC < 200mV
Table 1. Typical Fault Conditions

MAX3996
100Ω
IN+
IN-
INPUT BUFFER
50Ω50Ω
VCC
OUT+
OUT-
1.2V REFERENCE
0ppm/°C
MODSET
FAULT
200mV
MODSET
RMOD
1.2V REFERENCE
4000ppm/°C
TC FAULT200mV
RTC
CURRENT AMPLIFIER
96XENABLE
MODULATION
CURRENT
GENERATOR
CURRENT
SWITCH
Figure 5. Modulation Circuitry
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
iMOD
/(i
MOD
AT +52
RTC ≥ 1.9kΩ
RMOD = OPEN
TEMPCO = 4000ppm/°C
RTC = OPEN
TEMPCO = 50ppm/°C
Figure 6. Modulation Current vs. Temperature for Maximum
and Minimum Temperature Coefficient
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