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MAX4132EUA ,Single/Dual/Quad / Wide-Bandwidth / Low-Power / Single-Supply / Rail-to-Rail I/O Op AmpsGeneral Description ________
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MAX15038ETG+-MAX15038ETG+T
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator with Integrated Switches
General DescriptionThe MAX15038 high-efficiency switching regulator
delivers up to 4A load current at output voltages from
0.6V to 90% of VIN. The IC operates from 2.9V to 5.5V,
making it ideal for on-board point-of-load and postregu-
lation applications. Total output error is less than ±1%
over load, line, and temperature ranges.
The MAX15038 features fixed-frequency PWM mode
operation with a switching frequency range of 500kHz
to 2MHz set by an external resistor. The MAX15038
provides the option of operating in a skip mode to
improve light-load efficiency. High-frequency operation
allows for an all-ceramic capacitor design. The high
operating frequency also allows for small-size external
components.
The low-resistance on-chip nMOS switches ensure high
efficiency at heavy loads while minimizing critical induc-
tances, making the layout a much simpler task with
respect to discrete solutions. Following a simple layout
and footprint ensures first-pass success in new designs.
The MAX15038 comes with a high bandwidth (28MHz)
voltage-error amplifier. The voltage-mode control archi-
tecture and the voltage-error amplifier permit a type III
compensation scheme to be utilized to achieve maxi-
mum loop bandwidth, up to 20% of the switching fre-
quency. High loop bandwidth provides fast transient
response, resulting in less required output capacitance
and allowing for all-ceramic-capacitor designs.
The MAX15038 provides two three-state logic inputs to
select one of nine preset output voltages. The preset
output voltages allow customers to achieve ±1% out-
put-voltage accuracy without using expensive 0.1%
resistors. In addition, the output voltage can be set to
any customer value by either using two external resis-
tors at the feedback with a 0.6V internal reference or
applying an external reference voltage to the REFIN
input. The MAX15038 offers programmable soft-start
time using one capacitor to reduce input inrush current.
ApplicationsServer Power Supplies
POLs
ASIC/CPU/DSP Core and I/O Voltages
DDR Power Supplies
Base-Station Power Supplies
Telecom and Networking Power Supplies
RAID Control Power Supplies
FeaturesInternal 31mΩRDS(ON)High-Side and 24mΩ
RDS(ON)Low-Side MOSFETsContinuous 4A Output Current Over Temperature±1% Output Accuracy Over Load, Line, and
TemperatureOperates from 2.9V to 5.5V VINSupplyAdjustable Output from 0.6V to (0.9 x VIN)Soft-Start Reduces Inrush Supply Current500kHz to 2MHz Adjustable Switching FrequencyCompatible with Ceramic, Polymer, and
Electrolytic Output CapacitorsNine Preset and Adjustable Output Voltages
0.6V, 0.7V, 0.8V, 1.0V, 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.0V,
2.5V, and AdjustableMonotonic Startup for Safe-Start into Prebiased
OutputsSelectable Forced PWM or Skip Mode for Light
Load Efficiency Overcurrent and Overtemperature Protection Output Current Sink/Source Capable with Cycle-
by-Cycle Protection Open-Drain Power-Good Output Lead-Free, 4mm x 4mm, 24-Pin Thin QFN Package
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated SwitchesOUTPUT
1.8V, 4A
INPUT
2.9V TO 5.5V
BST
OUT
VDD
CTL2
CTL1
PGND
VDDCOMP
PWRGD
FREQ
REFIN
GND
MODE
MAX15038
Typical Operating Circuit
Ordering Information19-4320; Rev 3; 12/10
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-PACKAGEMAX15038ETG+-40°C to +85°C24 Thin QFN-EP*
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad.
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VIN= VEN= 5V, CVDD= 2.2μF, TA= TJ= -40°C to +85°C, typical values are at TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise
noted.) (Note 3)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
IN, PWRGD to GND..................................................-0.3V to +6V
VDDto GND..................-0.3V to the lower of +4V or (VIN+ 0.3V)
COMP, FB, MODE, REFIN, CTL1, CTL2, SS,
FREQ to GND..........................................-0.3V to (VDD+ 0.3V)
OUT, EN to GND......................................................-0.3V to +6V
BST to LX..................................................................-0.3V to +6V
BST to GND............................................................-0.3V to +12V
PGND to GND.......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
LX to PGND..................-0.3V to the lower of +6V or (VIN+ 0.3V)
LX to PGND..........-1V to the lower of +6V or (VIN+ 1V) for 50ns
ILX(RMS)(Note 1)......................................................................4A
VDDOutput Short-Circuit Duration.............................Continuous
Converter Output Short-Circuit Duration....................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
24-Pin TQFN (derate 27.8mW/°C above +70°C)........2222mW
Thermal Resistance (Note 2) θJA.................................................................................36°C/WθJC..................................................................................6°C/W
Operating Temperature Range...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260°C
Note 1:LX has internal clamp diodes to PGND and IN. Applications that forward bias these diodes should take care not to exceed
the IC’s package power dissipation limits.
Note 2:Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-
layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to /thermal-tutorial.
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSIN Voltage Range2.95.5V
VIN = 3.3V4.78IN Supply CurrentfS = 1MHz, no loadVIN = 5V58.5mA
VIN = 5V, VEN = 0V1020Total Shutdown Current from INVIN = VDD = 3.3V, VEN = 0V45μA
3.3V LDO (VDD)VDD rising2.62.8
VDD falling2.352.55V
VDD Undervoltage Lockout
ThresholdLX starts/stops switching
Minimum glitch-width
rejection10μs
VDD Output VoltageVIN = 5V, IVDD = 0 to 10mA3.13.33.5V
VDD DropoutVIN = 2.9V, IVDD = 10mA0.08V
VDD Current LimitVIN = 5V, VDD = 0V2540mA
BSTBST Supply CurrentVBST = VIN = 5V, VLX = 0 or 5V, VEN = 0V0.025μA
PWM COMPARATORPWM Comparator Propagation
Delay10mV overdrive20ns
PWM Peak-to-Peak Ramp
Amplitude1V
PWM Valley Amplitude0.8V
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VIN= VEN= 5V, CVDD= 2.2μF, TA= TJ= -40°C to +85°C, typical values are at TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise
noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
ERROR AMPLIFIERCOMP Clamp Voltage, HighVIN = 2.9V to 5V, VFB = 0.5V, VREFIN = 0.6V2V
COMP Clamp Voltage, LowVIN = 2.9V to 5V, VFB = 0.7V, VREFIN = 0.6V0.7V
COMP Slew RateVFB step from 0.5V to 0.7V in 10ns1.6V/μs
COMP Shutdown ResistanceFrom COMP to GND, VIN = 3.3V, VCOMP = 100mV,
VEN = VSS = 0V6Ω
Internally Preset Output Voltage
AccuracyVREFIN = VSS, MODE = GND-1+1%
FB Set Point ValueCTL1 = CTL2 = GND, MODE = GND0.5940.60.606V
FB to OUT ResistorAll VID settings except CTL1 = CTL2 = GND5.5810.5kΩ
Open-Loop Voltage Gain115dB
Error-Amplifier Unity-Gain
Bandwidth28MHz
Error-Amplifier and REFIN
Common-Mode Input RangeVDD = 2.9V to 3.5V0VDD - 2V
VFB = 0.7V, sinking1Error-Amplifier Maximum Output
Current
VCOMP = 1V,
VREFIN = 0.6VVFB = 0.5V, sourcing-1mA
FB Input Bias CurrentCTL1 = CTL2 = GND-125nA
CTL_VCTL_ = 0V-7.2CTL_ Input Bias CurrentVCTL_ = VDD+7.2μA
Low, falling0.8
OpenVDD/2CTL_ Input Threshold
High, risingVDD -
HysteresisAll VID transitions50mV
REFINREFIN Input Bias CurrentVREFIN = 0.6V-185nA
REFIN Offset VoltageVREFIN = 0.9V, FB shorted to COMP-4.5+4.5mV
LX (All Pins Combined)VIN = VBST - VLX = 3.3V42LX On-Resistance, High-SideILX = -2AVIN = VBST - VLX = 5V3154mΩ
VIN = 3.3V30LX On-Resistance, Low-SideILX = 2AVIN = 5V2442mΩ
High-side sourcing5.77
Low-side sinking7LX Current-Limit Threshold
Zero-crossing current threshold, MODE = VDD0.2
VLX = 0V-0.01LX Leakage CurrentVIN = 5V, VEN = 0VVLX = 5V+0.01μA
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VIN= VEN= 5V, CVDD= 2.2μF, TA= TJ= -40°C to +85°C, typical values are at TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise
noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSRFREQ = 49.9kΩ0.911.1LX Switching FrequencyVIN = 2.9V to 5VRFREQ = 23.6kΩ1.822.2MHz
Switching Frequency Range5002000kHz
LX Minimum Off-Time78ns
LX Maximum Duty CycleRFREQ = 49.9kΩ9295%
LX Minimum Duty CycleRFREQ = 49.9kΩ515%
Average Short-Circuit IN Supply
CurrentOUT connected to GND, VIN = 5V0.15A
RMS LX Output Current4A
ENABLEEN Input Logic-Low ThresholdEN falling0.9V
EN Input Logic-High ThresholdEN rising1.5V
EN Input CurrentVEN = 0 or 5V, VIN = 5V0.01μA
MODELogic-low, falling26
Logic VDD/2 or open, rising50MODE Input-Logic Threshold
Logic-high, rising74
%VDD
MODE Input-Logic HysteresisMODE falling5%VDD
MODE = GND-5MODE Input Bias CurrentMODE = VDD5μA
SS CurrentVSS = 0.45V, VREFIN = 0.6V, sourcing6.789.3μA
THERMAL SHUTDOWNThermal-Shutdown ThresholdRising165°C
Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis25°C
POWER-GOOD (PWRGD)VFB falling, VREFIN = 0.6V889092Power-Good Threshold VoltageVFB rising, VREFIN = 0.6V92.5
VREFIN
Power-Good Edge DeglitchVFB rising or falling48Clock
cycles
PWRGD Output Voltage LowIPWRGD = 4mA0.030.1V
PWRGD Leakage CurrentVIN = VPWRGD = 5V, VFB = 0.7V, VREFIN = 0.6V0.01μA
HICCUP OVERCURRENT LIMITCurrent-Limit Startup Blanking112Clock
cycles
Autoretry Restart Time896Clock
cycles
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
EFFICIENCY
vs. OUTPUT CURRENTMAX15038 toc01
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.2V
PWM
SKIP
EFFICIENCY
vs. OUTPUT CURRENTMAX15038 toc02
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.2V
VIN = 3.3VPWM
SKIP
FREQUENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGEMAX15038 toc03
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
TA = +85°C
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
RFREQ = 23.2kΩ
FREQUENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGEMAX15038 toc04
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
TA = +85°C
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
RFREQ = 49.9kΩ
LOAD REGULATIONMAX15038 toc05a
LOAD CURRENT (A)
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)21
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 2.5V
LINE REGULATION (LOAD = 4A)MAX15038 toc05b
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
VOUT = 1.2V
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 2.5V
Typical Operating Characteristics(Typical values are VIN= VEN= 5V, VOUT= 1.8V, RFREQ= 49.9kΩ, IOUT= 4A, TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise noted.)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VIN= VEN= 5V, CVDD= 2.2μF, TA= TJ= -40°C to +85°C, typical values are at TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise
noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSFB Hiccup ThresholdVFB falling70%
VREFIN
Hiccup Threshold Blanking TimeVFB falling28μs
Note 3:Specifications are 100% production tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design.
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(Typical values are VIN= VEN= 5V, VOUT= 1.8V, RFREQ= 49.9kΩ, IOUT= 4A, TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise noted.)
LOAD TRANSIENTMAX15038 toc06
40μs/div
VOUT
AC-COUPLED
100mV/div
IOUT
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
(FORCED PWM, 2A LOAD)MAX15038 toc07
400ns/div
AC-COUPLED
50mV/divVOUT
ILX
VLX
2A/div
5V/div
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
(SKIP MODE, NO LOAD)MAX15038 toc08
2μs/div
AC-COUPLED
100mV/divVOUT
ILX
VLX
1A/div
5V/div
SOFT-START WAVEFORM
(RLOAD = 0.5Ω)MAX15038 toc09
400μs/div
VEN
5V/div
VOUT
1V/div
SHUTDOWN WAVEFORM
(RLOAD = 0.5Ω)MAX15038 toc10
10μs/div
VEN
5V/div
VOUT
1V/div
INPUT SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGEMAX15038 toc11
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT SHUTDOWN CURRENT (
VEN = 0V
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGEMAX15038 toc12
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
0.52.5
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(Typical values are VIN= VEN= 5V, VOUT= 1.8V, RFREQ= 49.9kΩ, IOUT= 4A, TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise noted.)
HICCUP CURRENT LIMITMAX15038 toc13
400μs/div
1V/div
5A/div
1A/div
VOUT
IOUT
IIN
RMS INPUT CURRENT DURING
SHORT CIRCUIT vs. INPUT VOLTAGEMAX15038 toc14
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
RMS INPUT CURRENT (A)
VOUT = 0V
EXPOSED PAD TEMPERATURE
vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATUREMAX15038 toc15
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
EXPOSED PAD TEMPERATURE (604020
MEASURED ON A MAX15038EVKIT
4A LOAD
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX15038 toc16
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE (V)35-1510
SOFT-START WITH REFIN
MAX15038 toc17
200μs/div
1A/div
0.5V/div
2V/div
1V/div
IIN
VPWRGD
VREFIN
VOUT
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
(MODE = VDD, VOUT = 2.5V, 2A LOAD)MAX15038 toc18
200μs/div
5V/div
1V/div
5V/div
VEN
VPWRGD
VOUT
IOUT
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
(MODE = VDD/2, VOUT = 2.5V, 2A LOAD)MAX15038 toc19
200μs/div
5V/div
1V/div
5V/div
VEN
VPWRGD
VOUT
IOUT
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(Typical values are VIN= VEN= 5V, VOUT= 1.8V, RFREQ= 49.9kΩ, IOUT= 4A, TA= +25°C, circuit of Figure 1, unless otherwise noted.)
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
(MODE = VDD, VOUT = 2.5V, NO LOAD)MAX15038 toc20
200μs/div
VEN
2V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VPWRGD
2V/div
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
(MODE = VDD/2, VOUT = 2.5V, NO LOAD)MAX15038 toc21
200μs/div
VEN
2V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VPWRGD
2V/div
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
ABOVE NOMINAL SETPOINT (VOUT = 1.5V)MAX15038 toc22
1ms/div
VEN
2V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VPWRGD
2V/divVMODE = VDD,
NO LOAD
STARTING INTO PREBIASED OUTPUT
ABOVE NOMINAL SETPOINT (VOUT = 1.5V)MAX15038 toc23
1ms/div
VEN
2V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VPWRGD
2V/divVMODE = VDD/2,
NO LOAD
TRANSITION FROM SKIP MODE
TO FORCED PWM MODEMAX15038 toc24
VMODE
5V/div
VLX
5V/div
VOUT
0.5V/div
TRANSITION FROM FORCED
PWM MODE TO SKIP MODEMAX15038 toc25
VMODE
5V/div
VLX
5V/div
VOUT
0.5V/div
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTIONMODEFunctional MODE Selection Input. See the MODE Selection section for more information.
2VDD3.3V LDO Output. Supply input for the internal analog core. Connect a low-ESR, ceramic capacitor with a
minimum value of 2.2μF from VDD to GND.CTL1CTL2
Preset Output-Voltage Selection Inputs. CTL1 and CTL2 set the output voltage to one of nine preset
voltages. See Table 1 and the Programming the Output Voltage (CTL1, CTL2) section for preset voltages.REFIN
External Reference Input. Connect REFIN to SS to use the internal 0.6V reference. Connecting REFIN to an
external voltage forces FB to regulate to the voltage applied to REFIN. REFIN is internally pulled to GND
when the IC is in shutdown/hiccup mode.
6SSSoft-Start Input. Connect a capacitor from SS to GND to set the startup time. Use a capacitor with a 1nF
minimum value. See the Soft-Start and REFIN section for details on setting the soft-start time.GNDAnalog Ground Connection. Connect GND and PGND together at one point near the input bypass capacitor
return terminal.COMPVoltage Error-Amplifier Output. Connect the necessary compensation network from COMP to FB and OUT.
COMP is internally pulled to GND when the IC is in shutdown/hiccup mode.
9FB
Feedback Input. Connect FB to the center tap of an external resistive divider from the output to GND to set
the output voltage from 0.6V to 90% of VIN. Connect FB through an RC network to the output when using
CTL1 and CTL2 to select any of nine preset voltages.OUTOutput-Voltage Sense. Connect to the converter output. Leave OUT unconnected when an external resistive
divider is used.FREQOscillator Frequency Select. Connect a precision resistor from FREQ to GND to select the switching
frequency. See the Frequency Select (FREQ) section.PWRGD
Open-Drain, Power-Good Output. PWRGD is high impedance when VFB rises above 92.5% (typ) of VREFIN
and VREFIN is above 0.54V. PWRGD is internally pulled low when VFB falls below 90% (typ) of VREFIN or
VREFIN is below 0.54V. PWRGD is internally pulled low when the IC is in shutdown mode, VDD is below the
internal UVLO threshold, or the IC is in thermal shutdown.BSTHigh-Side MOSFET Driver Supply. Internally connected to IN through a pMOS switch. Bypass BST to LX with
a 0.1μF capacitor.
14, 15,LXInductor Connection. All LX pins are internally shorted together. Connect all LX pins to the switched side of
the inductor. LX is high impedance when the IC is in shutdown mode.
17–20PGNDPower Ground. Connect all PGND pins externally to the power ground plane. Connect all PGND pins
together near the IC.
21, 22,INInput Power Supply. Input supply range is from 2.9V to 5.5V. Bypass IN to PGND with a 22μF ceramic
capacitor.ENEnable Input. Logic input to enable/disable the MAX15038.
—EPExposed Pad. Solder EP to a large contiguous copper plane connected to PGND to optimize thermal
performance. Do not use EP as a ground connection for the device.
MAX15038
4A, 2MHz Step-Down Regulator
with Integrated Switches
Block DiagramCONTROL
LOGIC
PGND
MODE
BST
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
SOFT-START
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
BIAS
GENERATOR
OSCILLATOR
1VP-P
SHUTDOWN
CONTROL
UVLO
CIRCUITRY
3.3V LDO
VDD
SHDN
0.9 x VREFIN
COMP
GND
PWRGD
FREQ
ERROR
AMPLIFIERPWM
COMPARATOR
CURRENT-LIMIT
COMPARATOR
CURRENT-LIMIT
COMPARATOR
BST SWITCH
COMP CLAMPS
REFIN
VID
VOLTAGE-
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
OUT
CTL2
CTL1
8kΩ
MAX15038
