LM1040N ,16 V, 1.5 W, dual DC operated tone/volume/balance circuit with stereo enhancement facilityFeatures
I Wide supply voltage range, 9V to 16V
I Large volume control range, 75 dB typical
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LM1040N
16 V, 1.5 W, dual DC operated tone/volume/balance circuit with stereo enhancement facility
LM 1040
National
, Semiconductor
LM1040 Dual DC Operated Tone/Volume/Balance Circuit
with Stereo Enhancement Facility
General Description
The LM1040 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble). volume
and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV
and audio systems. A stereo enhancement facility is includ-
ed whereby the apparent stereo separation of systems re-
quiring closely spaced speakers may be improved. An addi-
tionaI control input allows loudness compensation to be
simply effected.
Four control inputs provide control of the bass, treble, bal-
ance and volume functions through application of DC volt-
ages from a remote control system or, alternatively, from
four potentiometers which may be biased from a zener regu-
lated supply provided on the circuit.
Each tone response is defined by a single capacitor chosen
to give the desired characteristic.
Features
a Wide supply voltage range, 9V to 16V
a Large volume control range, 75 dB typical
n Tone control, l 15 dB typical
II Channel separation, 75 dB typical
a Low distortion, 0.06% typical for an input level of 0.3
a High signal to noise, 80 dB typical for an input level of
0.3 Vrms
ll Few external components required
Block and Connection Diagrams
Dual-ln-Line Package
|NTEHNAL sumv DECOUPLE -'---n V sun
2 umwu. ma - "
mm 1 voum mum man t
SUPPLY WL‘MBE
STEREO ENHANCEMENT 3 " mm ENHANCEMENT
T8E8LE CAPACITOR 1 - CE [tgi" TREBLE CAPACITOR t
mun: H VDLINE
m: 2, I 5 "
a _ l 19
mm: comm mm - , ~— zzm vomcs
" nmss 1 1 _. a " amss 2
a F. t " 5
a " 1; t ii .. 17
BASS cmcnnn 1 I BASS cmcrrun 2
Lounusss cunmsmon .2. l 2. .
comm. mm I BASS comm mm
10 IE I 15
OUTPUT 1 $11; t m5; oumn t
11 ' I i 14
saunas comm mm - - - 4- - tc -1 -r' T" vowu: comm mm
GND - m,
TOP mew
TL/H/5147-1
Order Number LM1040N
See NS Package Number N24A
Absolute Maximum Ratings
If MIIItary/Aerospace specified devlces are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Storage Temperature Range
-65''C to + 150%
Power Dissipation 1.5W
Ofllce/Dlstrlbutors for avallablllty and apeelfleatlons. L 9 ad T emp erature (S old ering, 10 sec.) 260°C
Supply Voltage 16V
Control Pin Voltage (Pins 6, 9, 11, 14, 16) V00
Operating Temperature Range ty'C to + 70''C
Electrical Characteristics Vcc-- 12V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise stated)
Parameter Condltlons Mln Typ Max Unlts
Supply Voltage Range Pin 13 9 16 V
Supply Current 35 45 mA
Zener Regulated Output Pin 19
Voltage 5.4 V
Current 5 mA
Maximum OutputVoltage Pins 10, 15; f=1 kHz
Vcc = 9V, Maximum Gain 0.8 Vrms
Vcc-- 12V 0.8 1.0 Vrms
Maximum Input Voltage Pins 2, 23; f---. 1 kHz, Vcc = 9V 1.1 Vrms
(Note I) Flat Response, Vcc =12V 1.3 1.6 Vrms
Gain = - 10 dB
Input Resistance Pins 2, 23; f= 1 kHz 20 30 kn
Output Resistance Pins 10, 15; f-- 1 kHz 20 n
Maximum Gain V(Pin 14) = V(Pin 19); --2 0 2 dB
f tTa 1 kHz
Volume Control Range f---I kHz 70 75 dB
Gain Tracking f=1 kHz
Channel 1-Channel 2 0 dB through -40 dB 1 3 dB
--40 dB through -60 dB 2 dB
Balance Control Range Pins 10, 15;1=1 kHz 1 dB
-26 - 20 dB
Bass Control Range r--- 40 Hz, Cb = 0.39 pF
(Note 2) V(Pin 16) = V(Pin 19) 12 15 18 dB
V(Pin16)=0V -12 -15 -18 dB
Treble Control Range f---: 16 kHz, G--- 0.01 pF
(Note 2) V(Pin 6)= V(Pin 19) 12 15 18 dB
V(Pin6)=0V -12 --15 -18 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion f---. 1 kHz, VIN = 0.3 Vrms
Gain = 0 dB 0.06 0.3 %
Gain = -30 dB 0.03 %
Channel Separation f=1 kHz, Maximum Gain 60 75 dB
Signal/ Noise Ratio Unweighted 100 Hz-20 kHz 80 dB
Maximum Gain, 0 dB = 0.3 Vrms
CCIR/ARM (Note 3)
Gain=0 dB, V|N=0.3 Vrms 75 79 dB
Gain= -20 dB, V|N=1.0 Vrms 72 dB
Output Noise Voltage at CCIR/ARM (Note 3) 10 “V
Minimum Gain
Supply Ripple Rejection 200 mVrms, 1 kHz Ripple 35 -50 dB
Control Input Currents Pins 6, 9, ll, 14,16 (V =0V) --0.6 -2.5 PA
Frequency Response - 1 dB (Flat Response 250 kHz
20 Hz- 16 kHz)
Note 1: The maximum permissible input level is dependent on tons and volume settings. See Application Notes.
Note 2: The tone control range ls defined by capacitors th, and Ct. See Applicatlon Notes.
Note 3: Gaussian noise. measured over a period of 50 ms per channel, wlth a CCIR fllter referenced to 2 kHz and an tasmriorrisisptmttirm mater.
OVOlW'I
LM1040
Typical Performance Characteristics
Y!!!) (96)
CHANNEL SEPARATION (II)
-M0 Vm:3WIIV_
Volume Control
Characteristic
I tmrtule
o 1 t a a 5 5
wt - comm voma: W)
Tone Characteristic (Galn
" Frequency)
ttl l W l
15 mxmuu
mm: msv‘w/
m \Mmo uss cur
o /,.y..--e,e.ts
tk=0.0trf 's
o " ooum"t
--1 / ms noon/A
-15 Alto TREBLE CIT
20 mo son se Ne
FREQUENCY tht)
1 o THD vs Input Voltage
" RESPONSE
IIWCED MINS
" MAXIMUM em
= ttll
" " 0.4 " " 1.0
INPUT VOLIIBE (Vmu)
Channel Separation "
Frequency
30 BALANCED GAINS
N IN son " 20k
FIEOUENCY tht)
uumn NOlSE VOLI’ABE (IN) GAIN (dB)
3005! (cu)
Balance Control
Characteristlc
2 CHANNEL 1
, 1 2 ' t 5 6
Pn- CONTROL VOW (V)
Tone Characteristic (Gain
20 vs Frequency)
Ill uss AND
Ct =0.“ "
ms AND
-10 rams cm
til 100 500 " 20k
FREOUENCV (H1)
Output Noise Voltage
vs Gain
Ion: run
BALANCED GAINS
ccm FILTER
0 " -40 --60 -80
Loudness Control
Characteristic
ht =1oo mv
comets FLAT
WT VOUACC FOR IX THD A7 m (Vmu)
0.04 "s,,
0.01 t=tutt
Tone Control ChttrttCterltttltt
ttl tit 00 15 kttt
40 " RN:
0 1 t 3 d 5 '
V600 V16 - CONTROLVOIIABEW)
Loudness Compensated
10 Volume Characteristic
nuscouuicm to ma "
20 100 500 " m
mmuzucv thr)
Input Slgnal Handling
" Supply Voltage
" GAN=- d8
" F=1kHz
u MTFREOUM
RESPONSE
6 8t0t2t4tst8att2
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
THD vs Galn
M FREOUENCY RESPONSE
BALANCED GAINS
tll , -10 -N " -41) -50
TL/H/5147-2
Application Notes
TONE RESPONSE
The maximum boost and cut can be optimized for individual
applications by selection of the appropriate values of c, (tre-
ble) and Cb (bass).
The tone responses are defined by the relationships:
0.00065t1 - ab)
ass BSPOUSG 1 + th00065at,
1 + jas5500(1 _ ago,
Treble Res nse =
po 1 + iw5500atC,
Where ab = at = 0 for maximum bass and treble boost
respectively and at, = at = 1 for maximum cut.
For the values ot Oh and Ct of 0.39 pF and 0.01 “F as
shown in the Application Circuit, 15 dB of boost or cut is
obtained at 40 Hz and 16 kHz.
STEREO ENHANCEMENT
When stereo system speakers need to be closer than opti-
mum because of equipment/cabinet limitations, an im-
proved stereo effect can be obtained using a modest
amount of phases-reversed interchannel cross-coupling. In
the LM1040 the input stage transistor emitters are brought
Application Circuit
out to facilitate this. The arrangement is shown below in
basic form.
CHANNEL 1
OUTPUT
CHANNEL l
OUTPUT
TL/H/5147-3
With a monophonic source, the emitters have the same sig-
nal and the resistor and capacitor connected between them
have no effect. With a stereo signal each transistor works in
the grounded base mode for stereo components, generat-
ing an in-phase signal from the opposite channel. As the
normal signals are inverted at this point, the appropriate
Masts-reversed cross-coupling is achieved. An effective lev-
el of coupling of 60% can be obtained using 4.7K in con-
junction with the internal 6.5K emitter resistors. At low fre-
quencies, speakers become less directional and it becomes
desirable to reduce the enhancement effect. With a 0.1 pF
coupling capacitor, as shown, rolI-off occurs below 330 Hz.
The coupling components may be varied for alternative re-
sponses.
c i t - --. 47k cautnoL
nu om " il ft " T "F
---AAAr---at .
0.47”; 1tlsf l-o-e
mm 2 I m
"H F------ A m voum:
_| comm
u " " 211m 19 n 17 " IS " I13 1 WI;
- - 75m
sumucsuen , LM1040» -rr"
ON ODFF 0.22 “F
41,; T
ll p 2 a 4 " s 7 a a 1n 1}»:
h LOUDNESS
0.47 sf
mun l Ts " C coumsmnn
I =- Ch
l Ir.305 BALANCE
== comm
tt.1 ,, ltl " tht? tr
I HI l- numm I
Spm tame
0.22 "
"N , comm
TL/H/5147-4
OPOIW'I
LM 1040
Application Notes (Continued)
ZENER VOLTAGE
A zener voltage (pin 19=5.4V) is provided which may be
used to bias the control potentiometers. Setting a DC level
of one half of the zener voltage on the control inputs, pins 6,
11, and 16, results in the balanced gain and flat response
condition. Typical spread on the zener voltage is i 100 mV
and this must be taken into account if control signals are
used which are not referenced to the zener voltage. if this is
the case, then they will need to be derived with similar accu-
LOUDNESS COMPENSATION
A simple loudness compensation may be effected by apply-
ing a DC control voltage to pin 9. This operates on the tone
control stages to produce an additional boost limited by the
maximum boost defined by Cb and Ct. There is no loudness
compensation when pin 9 is connected to pin 19. Pin 9 can
be connected to pin 14 to give the loudness compensated
volume characteristic as illustrated without the addition of
further external components. (Tone settings are for flat re-
sponse, Cb and th as given in Application Circuit.) Modifica-
tion to the loudness characteristic is possible by changing
the capacitors ch, and Ct for a different basic response or,
by a resistor network between pins 9 and 14 for a different
threshold and slope.
SIGNAL HANDLING
The volume control function of the LM1040 is carried out in
two stages, controlled by the DC voltage on pin 14, to im-
prove signal handling capability and provide a reduction of
output noise level at reduced gain. The first stage is before
the tone control processing and provides an initial 15 dB of
gain reduction, so ensuring that the tone sections are not
overdriven by large input levels when operating with a low
volume setting. Any combination of tone and volume set-
tings may be used provided the output level does not ex-
ceed 1 Vrms, Vcc=12V(0.7 Vrms. Vcc=9V). At reduced
gain (< - 6 dB) the input stage will overload it the input level
exceeds 1.6 Vrms, Vcc=12V (1.1 Vrms, Vcc=9V). As
there is volume control on the input stages, the inputs may
be operated with a lower overload margin than would other-
wise be acceptable. allowing a possible improvement in sig-
nal to noise ratio.
Applications Information
OBTAINING MODIFIED RESPONSE CURVES
The LM1040 is a dual DC controlled bass, treble, balance
and volume integrated circuit ideal for stereo audio systems.
in the various applications where the LM1040 can be used,
there may be requirements for responses different to those
of the standard application circuit given in the data sheet.
This application section details some of the simple varia-
tions possible on the standard responses, to assist the
choice of optimum characteristics for particular applications.
TONE CONTROLS
Summarizing the relationship given in the data sheet, basi-
cally for an increase in the treble control range th must be
increased, and for increased bass range tk must be re-
duced.
Figure 1 shows the typical tone response obtained in the
standard application circuit. (Ct=0.01 HF, Cb=0.39 pF).
Response curves are given for various amounts of boost
and cut.
"" AND TREBLE BOOST
mm (00)
BASS mp 105305 cut
0. =o.39 0F
tk -- 0.01 str
500 st
Ft1EtluEtltlt (Hz)
(A) sum 9 SIM mm 10811403
20 100 20k
TL/H/5147-5
FIGURE l. Tone Characteristic (Gain " Frequency)
Figures g and 3 show the effect of changing the response
defining capacitors Ct and Cb to 2Ct, Cb/2 and 4th, Cb/4
respectively, giving increased tone control ranges. The val-
ues of the bypass capacitors may become significant and
affect the lower frequencies in the bass response curves.
lune! N
N 100 500 " m
mum (ht)
TL/H/5147-6
FIGURE 2: Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)
RANGE "
03/4 461 "
to 100 MO "
FREOUENCY (Hz)
GAIN (rm)
(A) El 0m 9 SN“ 39mm 10MN03
TL/H/5147-7
FIGURE 3: Tone Characteristic (Gain " Frequency)
Applications Information (Continued)
Figure 4 shows the effect of changing th and Ch in the
opposite direction to Ct/2, 20b respectively giving reduced
control ranges. The various results corresponding to the dif-
ferent th and Ch values may be mixed if it is required to give
a particular emphasis to, for example, the bass control. The
particular case with Cto/2, Ct is illustrated in Figure 5.
RESTRICTION OF TONE CONTROL ACTION AT HIGH
OR LOW FREQUENCIES
It may be desired in some applications to level off the tone
responses above or below certain frequencies for example
to reduce high frequency noise.
This may be achieved for the treble response by including a
resistor in series with Ct. The treble boost and cut will be
3 dB less than the standard circuit when R=XC.
A similar effect may be obtained for the bass response by
reducing the value of the AC bypass capacitors on pins 7
(channel I) and 18 (channel 2). The internal resistance at
these pins is 1.3 kn and the bass boost/cut will be approxi-
mately 3 dB less with Xc at this value. An example of such
modified response curves is shown in Figure 6. The input
coupling capacitors may also modify the low frequency re-
sponse.
GAIN (an)
(Ii) 91 any 9 sum 39mm 10mm
20 1m 500 5k Nk
m:numcv (Hz)
TL/rt/ir-O
FIGURE 4. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)
20 ' . I '
laments IESMISEAT I
15 \ "'"l'"t"1'1"r"
10 smwn litmus: ~11"
A 5 -IODIFIED A
tl. nismsz "
S -5 "s.
-1o " n:nu r L
":4" ir"l'iC''r'lm K
-15 ttrm-
40 l l 1 l
20 IN 500 " 20k
rnsauzucviuz)
TL/H/5147-10
FIGURE 6. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)
It will be seen from Figures 2 and 3 that modifying th and Cb
for greater control range also has the effect of flattening the
tone control extremes and this may be utilized, with or with-
out additional modification as outlined above, for the most
suitable tone control range and response shape.
OTHER ADVANTAGES OF DC CONTROLS
The DC controls make the addition of other features easy to
arrange. For example, the negative-going peaks of the out-
put amplifiers may be detected below a certain level, and
used to bias back the bass control from a high boost condi-
tion; to prevent overloading the speaker with low frequency
components.
LOUDNESS CONTROL
The loudness control is achieved through control of the
tone sections by the voltage applied to pin 9; therefore, the
tone and loudness functions are not independent. There is
normally 1 dB more bass than treble boost (40 Hz- 16 kHz)
with loudness control in the standard circuit. If a greater
difference is desired, it is necessary to introduce an offset
by means of c, or Ct, or by changing the nominal control
voltage ranges.
Figure 7 shows the typical loudness curves obtained in the
standard application circuit at various volume levels
(Cb=0.39 WF).
to sass contact i?
15 " E
4.1 F.
w 4.0 g
tii" 5 3.4 g
; o " g
il -s 2.0 5,
-Itl " u
-.15 " at
20 100 500 5k are
FREUUEch (H1)
TL/H/5147-9
FIGURE 5. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)
=13! "
tk =ll.01 "
m ' CONNECTED " HR "
20 100 Mil " 20k
rnsousncv (Hz)
TL/H/5147-11
FIGURE 7. Loudness Compensated
Volume Characteristic
OVOI-W'l
'- _ r33"
Applications Information (Continued)
Figures tt and 9 illustrate the loudness characteristics ob.
tained with ct, changed to Cb/2 and Cbld respectively, th
being kept at the nominal 0.01 pF. These values naturally
modify the bass tone response as in Figures 2 and 3.
With pins 9 (loudness) and 14 (volume) directly connected.
loudness control starts at typically -8 dB volume, with most
of the control action complete by -30 dB.
Figures ft? and tt show the effect of resistively offsetting
the voltage applied to pin 9 towards the control reference
to 100 500 " th
mmueucvmz)
TL/H/5147-12
FIGURE 8. Loudness Compensated Volume
Characteristic
0 LOUD”!!! ammo:
“-3 -20
il -30
MI! II
- mu tth nu 5"“an
ttt 1m son at ale
mam om
TLfH/514r-14
FIGURE to. Loudness Compensated Volume
Characteristic
20 lin 500
voltage (pin 19). Because the control inputs are high imped-
ance, this is easily done and high value resistors may be
used for minimal additional loading. It is possible to reduce
the rate of onset of control to extend the active range to
-50 dB volume control and below.
The control on pin 9 may also be divided down towards
ground bringing the control action on earlier. This is illustrat-
ed in Figure 12. With a suitable level shifting network be-
tween pins 14 and 9, the onset of loudness control and its
rate of change may be readily modified.
Cull tk
20 100 500 " m
m:nuatcv (Hz)
TL/H/5147-13
FIGURE 9. Loudness Compensated Volume
Characterlstlc
mama (Hz)
TL/H/5141-15
FIGURE 11. Loudness Compensated Volume
Characteristic
qsw .5
FHEUUENCV (H1)
TLtH/5147-16
FIGURE 12. Loudness Compensated Volume Characteristic
Applications Information (Continued)
When adjusted for maximum boost in the usual application
circuit, the LM-1040 cannot give additional boost from the
loudness control with reducing gain. If it is required, some
additional boost can be obtained by restricting the tone con-
trol range and modifying Ci, Cb, to compensate. A circuit
illustrating this for the case of bass boost is shown in Figure
M. The resulting responses are given in Figure 14 showing
the continuing loudness control action possible with bass
boost previously applied.
USE OF THE LM104O ABOVE AUDIO FREQUENCIES
The LM1040 has a basic response typically 1 dB down at
250 kHz (tone controls flat) and therefore by scaling th, and
Ct, it is possible to arrange for operation over a wide fre-
quency range for possible use in wide band equalization
applications. As an example Figure " shows the responses
obtained centered on 10 kHz with Cb=0.039 HF and
Ct--0.001 pF.
c..=o.2z pf
Is ieFL l~ Ja- lu l- I» l» L
LM‘IMON
[3 l8 l3 13 l2
TOP VIEW
FIGURE 13. Modlfled Application Circuit for Additional
Bass Boost wlth Loudness Control
I I I i l I I I
usmsss ommsn wmi unmrisn
ll T- Pol" PF' I J''"
- lil ADDITIONAL uss 300:1 ammo
mu mums: comm.
'"ir,s" -20 - _ f "
E -30 r"" [DOST
- 5:012 F
40 (Fun;
20 100 5110 5k 20k
rnmusncv (M)
TL/H/5147-18
FIGURE " Loudness Compensated
Volume Characteristic
TL/H/5147-17
MS! MO “EILECUT
200 1k lik
FREQUENCY (HZ)
TL/H/5147-19
FIGURE 15. Tone Characteristic (Gain vs Frequency)
070 l W'I
LM 1 040
Applications Information (Continued)
DC CONTROL OF STEREO ENHANCEMENT AND
LOUDNESS CONTROL
Figure 16 shows a possible circuit it electronic control of The high impedance PNP base input of the loudness control
these functions is required. the typical DC level at pins 3 and p.in 9 is readily switched with a general purpose NPN tran-
22 is 7.5V (Vcc=12V), with the input signal superimposed, sistor.
and this can be used to bias a FET switch as shown to save
components. For switching with a OV-IN signal a low-
threshhold FET is required when using a 12V supply. With
larger switching levels this is less critical.
I comm.
0.47,; th "
0.01 sf
INPUTZ 10p;
"P.".-
4.7x (ii)
sun I l" n tt "la 19 " 17 15
) amass ) WW" {3:335
munusss
Mile - COMPENSAIION
go-' 2 3 t ls 5 7 3 " WON, WOFF
smso 'Fir, mums:
ENHANCEMENT 0.1 sf J; comm
511 tm, ov OFF I L
INPUT 1 ---l F-- 10r
0.47»; T
u. " TREBLE
"' " m comm.
it22 pr
FIGURE 16. Application Clrcult with Electronic Switching
TL/H/5147-20
STEREO
mm MAE CH 2 INPUT EXPANSION VOLUME VOLUHE AND BALANCE VOLUME CONTROL BALANCE CONTROL
2(23) 3(22) 1!
Simplified Schematic Diagram (One Channel)
'Conneetltms reversed
4(21) s 9 1m; m7)
6" 2 menu mutual. mumsss ms 6" 2 c" 2 Al: nmss uss ENER masumm oumn vmms
murmsmon comm cmmnn
TL/H/5147-21
OPOLW'I
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National Semiconductor was acquired by Texas Instruments.
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