TDA5140AT ,Brushless DC motor drive circuitBLOCK DIAGRAMBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ..
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TDA5140AT
Brushless DC motor drive circuit
Philips Semiconductors
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
FEATURES Full-wave commutation (using push/pull drivers at the
output stages) without position sensors Built-in start-up circuitry Three push-pull outputs: 0.8 A output current (typ.) low saturation voltage built-in current limiter Thermal protection Flyback diodes Tacho output without extra sensor Position pulse stage for phase-locked-loop control Transconductance amplifier for an external control
transistor.
APPLICATIONS VCR Laser beam printer Fax machine Blower Automotive.
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe TDA5140A is a bipolar integrated circuit used to drive
3-phase brushless DC motors in full-wave mode. The
device is sensorless (saving of 3 hall-sensors) using the
back-EMF sensing technique to sense the rotor position.
QUICK REFERENCE DATAMeasured over full voltage and temperature range.
Notes An unstabilized supply can be used. VVMOT = VP; +AMP IN = −AMP IN = 0 V; all outputs IO = 0 mA.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
PINNING
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONThe TDA5140A offers a sensorless three phase motor
drive function. It is unique in its combination of sensorless
motor drive and full-wave drive. The TDA5140A offers
protected outputs capable of handling high currents and
can be used with star or delta connected motors. It can
easily be adapted for different motors and applications.
The TDA5140A offers the following features: Sensorless commutation by using the motor EMF. Built-in start-up circuit. Optimum commutation, independent of motor type or
motor loading. Built-in flyback diodes. Three phase full-wave drive. High output current (0.8 A). Outputs protected by current limiting and thermal
protection of each output transistor. Low current consumption by adaptive base-drive. Accurate frequency generator (FG) by using the
motor EMF. Amplifier for external position generator (PG) signal. Suitable for use with a wide tolerance, external PG
sensor. Built-in multiplexer that combines the internal FG and
external PG signals on one pin for easy use with a
controlling microprocessor. Uncommitted operational transconductance amplifier
(OTA), with a high output current, for use as a control
amplifier.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
LIMITING VALUESIn accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134).
HANDLINGEvery pin withstands the ESD test in accordance with “MIL-STD-883C class 2”. Method 3015 (HBM 1500 Ω, 100 pF) pulses + and 3 pulses − on each pin referenced to ground.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
CHARACTERISTICSVP = 14.5 V; Tamb =25 °C; unless otherwise specified.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
Notes An unstabilized supply can be used. VVMOT = VP, all other inputs at 0 V; all outputs at VP; IO = 0 mA. Switching levels with respect to MOT1, MOT2 and MOT3. Drivers are in the high-impedance OFF-state. The outputs are short-circuit protected by limiting the current and the IC temperature.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
Introduction (see Fig.7)Full-wave driving of a three phase motor requires three
push-pull output stages. In each of the six possible states
two outputs are active, one sourcing (H) and one sinking
(L). The third output presents a high impedance (Z) to the
motor which enables measurement of the motor
back-EMF in the corresponding motor coil by the EMF
comparator at each output. The commutation logic is
responsible for control of the output transistors and
selection of the correct EMF comparator. In Table 1 the
sequence of the six possible states of the outputs has
been depicted.
Table 1 Output states.
Note H= HIGH state;= LOW state;= high impedance OFF-state.
The zero-crossing in the motor EMF (detected by the
comparator selected by the commutation logic) is used to
calculate the correct moment for the next commutation,
that is, the change to the next output state. The delay is
calculated (depending on the motor loading) by the
adaptive commutation delay block.
Because of high inductive loading the output stages
contain flyback diodes. The output stages are also
protected by a current limiting circuit and by thermal
protection of the six output transistors.
The detected zero-crossings are used to provide speed
information. The information has been made available on
the PG/FG output pin. This is an open collector output and
provides an output signal with a frequency that is half the
commutation frequency. A VCR scanner also requires a
PG phase sensor. This circuit has an interface for a simple
pick-up coil. A multiplexer circuit is also provided to
combine the FG and PG signals in time.
The system will only function when the EMF voltage from
the motor is present. Therefore, a start oscillator is
provided that will generate commutation pulses when no
zero-crossings in the motor voltage are available.
A timing function is incorporated into the device for internal
timing and for timing of the reverse rotation detection.
The TDA5140A also contains an uncommitted
transconductance amplifier (OTA) that can be used as a
control amplifier. The output is capable of directly driving
an external power transistor.
The TDA5140A is designed for systems with low current
consumption: use of I2 L logic, adaptive base drive for the
output transistors (patented), possibility of using a pick-up
coil without bias current.
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
Brushless DC motor drive circuit TDA5140A
AdjustmentsThe system has been designed in such a way that the
tolerances of the application components are not critical.
However, the approximate values of the following
components must still be determined: The start capacitor; this determines the frequency of the
start oscillator. The two capacitors in the adaptive commutation delay
circuit; these are important in determining the optimum
moment for commutation, depending on the type and
loading of the motor. The timing capacitor; this provides the system with its
timing signals.
THE START CAPACITOR (CAP-ST)
This capacitor determines the frequency of the start
oscillator. It is charged and discharged, with a current of μA, from 0.05to 2.2 V and back to 0.05 V. The time
taken to complete one cycle is given by:
tstart = (2.15 × C) s (with C in μF)
The start oscillator is reset by a commutation pulse and so
is only active when the system is in the start-up mode. A
pulse from the start oscillator will cause the outputs to
change to the next state (torque in the motor). If the
movement of the motor generates enough EMF the
TDA5140A will run the motor. If the amount of EMF
generated is insufficient, then the motor will move one step
only and will oscillate in its new position. The amplitude of
the oscillation must decrease sufficiently before the arrival
of the next start pulse, to prevent the pulse arriving during
the wrong phase of the oscillation. The oscillation of the
motor is given by:
where:
Kt = torque constant (N.m/A)
I = current (A)
p = number of magnetic pole-pairs
J = inertia J (kg.m2)osc
----------------------------------=
Example: J = 72×10-6 kg.m2 , K = 25×10-3 N.m/A, p = 6
and I = 0.5 A; this gives fosc = 5 Hz. If the damping is high
then a start frequency of 2 Hz can be chosen or t = 500 ms,
thus C = 0.5/2 = 0.25 μF, (choose 220 nF).
THE ADAPTIVE COMMUTATION DELAY (CAP-CD AND
CAP-DC)
In this circuit capacitor CAP-CD is charged during one
commutation period, with an interruption of the charging
current during the diode pulse. During the next
commutation period this capacitor (CAP-CD) is discharged
at twice the charging current. The charging current is
8.1 μA and the discharging current 16.2 μA; the voltage
range is from 0.9 to 2.2 V. The voltage must stay within this
range at the lowest commutation frequency of interest, fC1:
(C in nF)
If the frequency is lower, then a constant commutation
delay after the zero-crossing is generated by the discharge
from 2.2 to 0.9 V at 16.2 μA.
maximum delay = (0.076 × C) ms (with C in nF)
Example: nominal commutation frequency = 900 Hz and
the lowest usable frequency = 400 Hz, so:
(choose 18 nF)
The other capacitor, CAP-DC, is used to repeat the same
delay by charging and discharging with 15.5 μA. The same
value can be chosen as for CAP-CD. Figure 8 illustrates
typical voltage waveforms. 8.1 106–× 1.3× -------------------------- 6231c1
-------------==
CAP-CD 6231
400------------- 15.6==
