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MAX5977AETP+
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers with Precision Current-Sensing Output
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE General Description
The MAX5977A/MAX5977B hot-swap controllers provide
complete protection for systems with a 1V to 16V single-
supply voltage.
During the initial insertion, the hot-swap controllers
limit the inrush current from damaging the board or
from shorting out the backplane. When the input volt-
age is above the undervoltage threshold and below the
overvoltage threshold, a 5FA current source powered
from the internal 5V charge pump drives the gate of an
external n-channel MOSFET, providing a slow turn-on
response. An internal current-sense amplifier in the IC
monitors the current across an external shunt resistor,
providing current sensing for wide input-sense voltage
range. The devices provide two levels of overcurrent
circuit-breaker protections: a fast-trip threshold for a fast
turn-off and a lower slow-trip threshold for a delayed
turn-off.
Exceeding either of the overcurrent circuit-breaker
thresholds forces the device into fault mode where the
external n-channel MOSFET is disabled. The MAX5977
is available in two versions that provide a latched-off
(MAX5977A) or autoretry (MAX5977B) output when the
device is in fault mode.
A calibration mode allows further calibration of the inte-
grated transconductance amplifier for production testing
of the final design. The devices are offered in a 20-pin,
4mm x 4mm, TQFN-EP package and are fully specified
from -40NC to +85NC.
Features
S 1% Accurate Current-Sense Amplifier Output
S Hot-Swap Monitors Operation from 1V to 16V
S Integrated Charge Pump Fully Enhances the
External n-Channel FET (VGATE = VIN + 5V)
S VariableSpeed/BiLevelK Fault Protection Provides
Electronic Circuit-Breaker Function
S Output Latched Off After Fault Condition
(MAX5977A)
S Autoretry After Fault Condition (MAX5977B)
S Power-Good Indicator
S Calibration Mode
S Small, 20-Pin, 4mm x 4mm TQFN-EP Package
Applications
Servers
Storage Systems
Network Switches and Routers
General Hot-Swap
Ordering Information
Typical Operating Circuit
VariableSpeed/BiLevel is a trademark of Maxim Integrated
Products, Inc.
Note: All devices are specified over the -40NC to +85NC oper-
ating temperature range.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad.
MAX5977A
MAX5977B
CALSENSESOURCE
CSOUT
FAULT
CAL
PWR
AGND
SCOMPFCOMPINSENSEGATE
GND
2.7V TO 16V
CALIBRATION
MODE INPUT
RCAL
RSCOMPRFCOMP
RSENSE
RGATE
+3.3V
RCSOUT
CGATE
TO LOAD
CURRENT-SENSE
AMPLIFIER OUTPUT
FAULT OUTPUT
POWER-GOOD OUTPUT
VIN
1V TO 16V
PARTPIN-PACKAGEFAULT RESPONSE
MAX5977AETP+20 TQFN-EP* Latched
MAX5977BETP+20 TQFN-EP*Autoretry
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
PWR, SENSE, IN, FCOMP, SCOMP,
GATE, SOURCE, CALSENSE to GND ...............-0.3V to +28V
PG, CAL, BIAS, UV, OV, FAULT, CSOUT to GND ..-0.3V to +6V
REG to GND ............................................................-0.3V to +4V
GATE to SOURCE ...................................................-0.3V to +6V
IN to FCOMP, IN to SCOMP, IN to SENSE,
IN to CALSENSE ..................................................-0.3V to +1V
GND to AGND ......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
FAULT, PG Current ...........................................-1mA to +50mA
GATE, SOURCE, GND Current ........................................750mA
Input/Output Current (all other pins) ..................................20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC)
20-Pin TQFN, Single-Layer Board
(derate 16.9mW/NC above +70NC)..........................1355.9mW
20-Pin TQFN, Multilayer Board
(derate 25.6mW/NC above +70NC)..........................2051.3mW
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (Note 1)
BJA, Single-Layer Board ...........................................+59NC/W
BJA, Multilayer Board ................................................+39NC/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (Note 1)
BJC, Single-Layer and Multilayer Board......................+6NC/W
Operating Temperature Range ..........................-40NC to +85NC
Junction Temperature .....................................................+150NC
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65NC to +150NC
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300NC
Soldering Temperature (reflow) ......................................+260NC
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VPWR = VIN = 12V, RSENSE = 4mI, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.
Typical Values at VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Operating Voltage RangeVPWR2.73.316V
Undervoltage LockoutVUVLOMinimum rising voltage on PWR 2.69V
Undervoltage-Lockout HysteresisVUVLOHYS100mV
Supply CurrentIPWR0.7344mA
Internal LDO Output VoltageVREG2.7V < VPWR < 16V, 0 to 1mA2.492.6V
CURRENT-MONITORING FUNCTION
IN Input RangeCommon-mode range116V
SCOMP Input Range116V
FCOMP Input Range116V
IN Input Current135FA
SENSE Input CurrentVIN = VSENSE = 1V to 16V6FA
Circuit-Breaker Current (Slow
Comparator)ISCOMPVSCOMP = 1V to 16V24.02526.0FA
Circuit-Breaker Current (Fast
Comparator)IFCOMPVFCOMP = 1V to 16V48.15051.4FA
Slow Current-Limit Threshold
ErrorVSENSE - VSCOMP = 50mV-2.0+2.1mV
Fast Current-Limit Threshold Error VSENSE - VFCOMP = 100mV-2.2+1.4mV
Slow-Comparator Response TimetSCD1mV overdrive1ms
50mV overdrive130Fs
Fast-Comparator Response TimetFSD10mV overdrive, from overload condition,
VPWR = 12V200ns
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VPWR = VIN = 12V, RSENSE = 4mI, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.
Typical Values at VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER
Input Common-Mode RangeVIN - VSENSE1.5V
Input Offset Error0.1mV
Transconductance GaingM
10mV P (VIN - VSENSE) P 50mV,
-40NC P TA P +85NC24572500253710mV P (VIN - VSENSE) P 50mV,
0NC P TA P +25NC246725002532
Combined Gain and Offset
Accuracy
Set VIN - VSENSE = 50mV, measure ICSOUT,
VCSOUT = 25mV (-40NC P TA P +85NC)122.1125128
Set VIN - VSENSE = 50mV, measure ICSOUT,
VCSOUT = 25mV (0N P TA P +25NC)123.5125126.5
Set VIN - VSENSE = 10mV, measure ICSOUT,
VCSOUT = 25mV (-40NC P TA P +85NC)22.52527.6
Set VIN - VSENSE = 10mV, measure ICSOUT,
VCSOUT = 25mV (0N P TA P +25NC)24.02526.0
Total Full-Scale Error
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 10mV
(-40NC P TA P +85NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(10mV x 0.0025)
-10+10% of
10mV
Full-Scale
Output
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 10mV
(0NC P TA P +25NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(10mV x 0.0025)
-4.21+4.21
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 25mV
(-40NC P TA P +85NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(25mV x 0.0025)
-4.1+4.1% of
25mV
Full-Scale
Output
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 25mV
(0NC P TA P +25NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(25mV x 0.0025)
-1.68+1.68
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 50mV
(-40NC P TA P +85NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(50mV x 0.0025)
-2.34+2.3% of
50mV
Full-Scale
Output
2mV < (VIN - VSENSE) < 50mV
(0NC P TA P +25NC),
% error = (ICSOUT - (VIN - VSENSE) x
0.0025)/(50mV x 0.0025)
-1.18+0.9
Output Common-Mode RangeCSOUT voltage range02.5V
POWER-GOOD
PG DelaytdPG50ms
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VPWR = VIN = 12V, RSENSE = 4mI, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.
Typical Values at VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
Note 2: All devices 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over temperature guaranteed by design.
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.)
IPWR vs. VPWR
MAX5977 toc01
IPWR
(mA)105
VIN - VSENSE vs. ICSOUT
ICSOUT
(µA)302010
MAX5977 toc02
VIN = VPWR = 12V
RCSOUT = 10kI
TRANSCONDUCTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5977 toc03
Gm (µS)
VIN = VPWR = 12V
VIN - VSENSE = 10mV AND 50mV
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
CHARGE PUMP (GATE)
Charge-Pump Output VoltageVOHGATERelative to VSOURCE4.555.5V
Charge-Pump Output Source
CurrentIGATEPUVGATE = VSOURCE = 0V456FAVIN - VSOURCE < 100mV81012
Charge-Pump Pulldown CurrentIGATEPDVGATE = 2V, VSOURCE = 0 to 16V500mA
OUTPUTS (FAULT, PG)
Output Voltage LowVOLFAULT/
VOLPGISINK = 3.2mA0.4V
Output Leakage (Open Drain)ILKFAULT/
ILKPGTested at 0V and 5.2V1FA
UV/OV COMPARATOR INPUTS
UV/OV ThresholdVUV/OVRUV, OV rising input voltage threshold580590600mV
UV/OV Threshold HysteresisVUV/OVHYSUV, OV falling input hysteresis4%
UV/OV Input Current ILKUV/
ILKOVVUV = VOV = 0V and 5.5V-100+100nA
CALIBRATION MODE
CAL Low-Voltage InputVILCAL0.4V
CAL High-Voltage InputVIHCAL1.4V
CAL Input CurrentIIHCALVCAL = 2.5V, the CAL input pulls low if left
unconnected20FA
CALSENSE Input Current±300FA
FAULT RESPONSE
Retry Timeout PeriodtRETRYMAX5977B175ms
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.)
SLOW-COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME
(50mV OVERDRIVE)
MAX5997 toc08
VIN - VSENSE
50mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
VSOURCE
2V/div
RSENSE = 4mI
CURRENT OUTPUT ERROR (%)
CURRENT OUTPUT ERROR
vs. VIN - VSENSE
MAX5977 toc06
VIN - VSENSE (mV)203040050
VIN = VPWR = 12V
RCSOUT = 10kI
I_COMP vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5977 toc04
I_COMP (µA)
TEMPERATURE (°C)50250-25-50100
IFCOMP
ISCOMP
SLOW-COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME
(50mV OVERDRIVE)
MAX5977 toc09
VIN - VSENSE
100mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
VSOURCE
2V/div
RSENSE = 4mI
tSCD vs. OVERDRIVE VOLTAGE
MAX5977 toc07
OVERDRIVE VOLTAGE (mV)
tSCD (µs)403530252015105
VGATE vs. VIN
MAX5977 toc05
VIN (V)
GATE
(V)105
020
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VPWR = VIN = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, RFCOMP = RSCOMP = 2kI, RGATE = 1kI, CGATE = 330nF, CREG = 1FF, unless otherwise noted.)
ICSOUT SMALL-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
MAX5977 toc12
VIN - VSENSE
5mV/div
VCSOUT
100mV/div
20µs/div
RCSOUT = 10kI
ICSOUT LARGE-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
MAX5977 toc13
VIN - VSENSE
20mV/div
VCSOUT
500mV/div
20µs/div
RCSOUT = 10kI
FAST-COMPARATOR RESPONSE TIME
(10mV OVERDRIVE)
MAX5977 toc10
VIN - VSENSE
100mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
VSOURCE
2V/div
2µs/div
RSENSE = 4mI
tFSD
VFCOMP
FAULT RETRY TIME
(MAX5977B ONLY)
MAX5977 toc11
VIN - VSENSE
50mV/div
VGATE
5V/div
VSOURCE
2V/div
40ms/div
RSENSE = 4mI
1V to 16V, Single-Channel, Hot-Swap Controllers
with Precision Current-Sensing Output
MAX5977A/MAX5977B
Pin Description
Pin Configuration
PWR
REG
GATECSOUTPGSOURCE
EP*
*CONNECT TO AGND.
I.C.141211
I.C.
BIAS
SENSE
SCOMP
FCOMP
MAX5977A
MAX5977B
AGND
GND
CAL10CALSENSEFAULT
THIN QFN
TOP VIEW
PINNAMEFUNCTIONREGRegulator Output. Bypass REG with a 1FF capacitor.PWRPower-Supply Input. Bypass PWR with a 0.1FF or higher value capacitor.AGNDAnalog GroundUVActive-High Precision Turn-On Input. UV is used to turn on/off the output and set the input
undervoltage lockout threshold.OVActive-Low Precision Turn-On Input. OV is used to turn on/off the output and set the input overvoltage
lockout threshold.FCOMPFast Circuit-Breaker Comparator Input. Connect FCOMP to IN with a resistor to set the fast-trip circuit-
breaker threshold.SCOMPSlow Circuit-Breaker Comparator Input. Connect SCOMP to IN with a resistor to set the slow-trip
circuit-breaker threshold.INHot-Swap Voltage-Monitoring InputSENSECurrent-Sense Voltage Input. The voltage across an external sense resistor between IN and SENSE is
used to measure the channel current.CALSENSECalibration Voltage InputPGPower-Good, Active-High Open-Drain OutputCSOUTTransconductance Current-Sense Amplifier Output. The output current of CSOUT is the product of the
voltage measured between SENSE and IN and the transconductance gain (2500FS typ).GNDGroundGATEGate-Driver Output. Connect GATE to the gate of the external n-channel MOSFET switch.SOURCEMOSFET Source Voltage Input. Connect SOURCE to the source of the external n-channel MOSFET.FAULTActive-Low, Open-Drain Fault Output. When an overcurrent occurs, FAULT goes low.CALCalibration Mode Select Input
18, 19I.C.Internally Connected. Connect to ground.BIASBias Input. Connect BIAS to REG.
