MAX4477ASA+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Ampsapplications that require low distortion and/or♦ 10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stablelow noise. (MA ..
MAX4477ASA+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsFeatures♦ Low Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√HzThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-band, ..
MAX4477AUA ,SOT23 / Low-Noise / Low-Distortion / Wide-Band / Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = +5V, V = 0V, V = 0V, V = V /2, R tied to V /2, SHDN = V , T = -40°C ..
MAX4477AUA+ ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Ampsapplications that require low distortion and/or♦ 10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stablelow noise. (MA ..
MAX4477AUA+ ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V = +5V, V = 0V, V = 0V, V = V /2, R tied to V /2, SHDN = V ..
MAX4477AUA+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
MAX8511EXK15+ ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsMAX8510/MAX8511/MAX851219-2732; Rev 0; 1/03Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout,120mA Linear Reg ..
MAX8511EXK15+T ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = V + 0.5V, T = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. C = 1µF, C = 1 ..
MAX8511EXK18 ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsMAX8510/MAX8511/MAX851219-2732; Rev 0; 1/03Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout,120mA Linear Reg ..
MAX8511EXK18+ ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = V + 0.5V, T = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. C = 1µF, C = 1 ..
MAX8511EXK18+T ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsMAX8510/MAX8511/MAX851219-2732; Rev 0; 1/03Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout,120mA Linear Reg ..
MAX8511EXK25+T ,Ultra-Low-Noise, High PSRR, Low-Dropout, 120mA Linear RegulatorsApplicationsMAX8510EXKxy-T -40°C to +85°C 5 SC70-5Cellular and Cordless PhonesMAX8511EXKxy-T -40°C ..
MAX4475ASA+-MAX4475ATT+-MAX4475AUA+-MAX4475AUT#TG16-MAX4475AUT+T-MAX4476ATT+T-MAX4476AUT#TG16-MAX4477ASA+-MAX4477ASA+T-MAX4477AUA+-MAX4477AUA+T-MAX4478ASD+-MAX4478ASD+T-MAX4478AUD+-MAX4488ASA+-MAX4488AUT+T-MAX4489ASA+-MAX4489ASA+T-MAX4489AUA+-MAX4489AUA+T
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
General DescriptionThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-
band, low-noise, low-distortion operational amplifiers
offer rail-to-rail outputs and single-supply operation
down to 2.7V. They draw 2.2mA of quiescent supply
current per amplifier while featuring ultra-low distortion
(0.0002% THD+N), as well as low input voltage-noise
density (4.5nV/√Hz) and low input current-noise density
(0.5fA/√Hz). These features make the devices an ideal
choice for applications that require low distortion and/or
low noise.
For power conservation, the MAX4475/MAX4488 offer a
low-power shutdown mode that reduces supply current
to 0.01µA and places the amplifiers’ outputs into a high-
impedance state. These amplifiers have outputs which
swing rail-to-rail and their input common-mode voltage
range includes ground. The MAX4475–MAX4478 are
unity-gain stable with a gain-bandwidth product of
10MHz. The MAX4488/4489 are internally compensated
for gains of +5V/V or greater with a gain-bandwidth
product of 42MHz. The single MAX4475/MAX4476/
MAX4488 are available in space-saving, 6-pin SOT23
and TDFN packages.
ApplicationsADC Buffers
DAC Output Amplifiers
Low-Noise Microphone/Preamplifiers
Digital Scales
Strain Gauges/Sensor Amplifiers
Medical Instrumentation
FeaturesLow Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√HzLow Input Current-Noise Density: 0.5fA/√HzLow Distortion: 0.0002% THD+N (1kΩload)Single-Supply Operation from +2.7V to +5.5VInput Common-Mode Voltage Range IncludesGroundRail-to-Rail Output Swings with a 1kΩLoad10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stable(MAX4475–MAX4478)42MHz GBW Product, Stable with AV≥
+5V/V(MAX4488/MAX4489)Excellent DC Characteristics
VOS= 70µV
IBIAS= 1pA
Large-Signal Voltage Gain = 120dBLow-Power Shutdown Mode:
Reduces Supply Current to 0.01µA
Places Output in High-Impedance StateAvailable in Space-Saving SOT23, TDFN, µMAX®,and TSSOP Packages
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Ordering Information
Selector Guide
Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad (connect to VSS).
/V denotes an automotive qualified part.
T = Tape and reel.
Pin Configurations and Typical Operating Circuit appear at
end of data sheet.
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-
PACKAGE
TOP
MARK
MAX4475AUT+T-40°C to +125°C6 SOT23AAZV
MAX4475AUA+-40°C to +125°C8 µMAX—
MAX4475ASA+-40°C to +125°C8 SO—
MAX4475ATT+T-40°C to +125°C6 TDFN-EP*+ADD
MAX4475AUT/V+T-40°C to +125°C6 SOT23+ACQQ
PARTG A IN B WM H z)
STABLE
GAIN
(V/V)
NO. OF
AMPSSHDN
MAX44751011Yes
MAX44761011—
MAX44771012—
MAX44781014—
MAX44884251Yes1k10k100100k
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc20
EQUIV
ALENT INPUT NOISE VOL
AGE (nV/
Hz)
ypical Operating CharacteristicµMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, SHDN= VDD, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Power-Supply Voltage (VDDto VSS)......................-0.3V to +6.0V
Analog Input Voltage (IN_+, IN_-)....(VSS- 0.3V) to (VDD+ 0.3V)
SHDNInput Voltage....................................(VSS- 0.3V) to +6.0V
Output Short-Circuit Duration to Either Supply..........Continuous
Continuous Input Current (IN+, IN-).................................±10mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
6-Pin SOT23 (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C)...........727mW
6-Pin TDFN (derate 18.2mW/°C above 70°C)...........1454mW
8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C)............362mW
8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)...............471mW
14-Pin SO (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C)..............667mW
14-Pin TSSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C).........727mW
Operating Temperature Range.........................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260°C
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSSupply Voltage RangeVDD(Note 3)2.75.5V
VDD = 3V2.2Normal modeVDD = 5V2.54.4mAQuiescent Supply Current Per
AmplifierID
Shutdown mode (SHDN = VSS) (Note 2)0.011.0µA
TA = +25°C±70±350Input Offset VoltageVOSTA = -40°C to +125°C±750µV
Input Offset Voltage TempcoTCVOS±0.3±6µV/°C
Input Bias CurrentIB(Note 4)±1±150pA
Input Offset CurrentIOS(Note 4)±1±150pA
Differential Input ResistanceRIN1000GΩ
TA = +25°C-0.2V D D - 1.6Input Common-Mode Voltage
RangeVCMGuaranteed by
CMRR TestTA = -40°C to +125°C-0.1V D D - 1.7V
(VSS - 0.2V) ≤
VCM ≤ (VDD -
1.6V)
TA = +25°C90115
Common-Mode Rejection RatioCMRR(VSS - 0.1V) ≤
VCM ≤ (VDD -
1.7V)
TA = -40°C to +125°C90
Power-Supply Rejection RatioPSRRVDD = 2.7 to 5.5V90120dB
RL = 10kΩ to VDD/2;
VOUT = 100mV to (VDD - 125mV)90120
RL = 1kΩ to VDD/2;
VOUT = 200mV to (VDD - 250mV)85110Large-Signal Voltage GainAVOL
RL = 500Ω to VDD/2;
VOUT = 350mV to (VDD - 500mV)85110
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, SHDN= VDD, TA= -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, SHDN= VDD, TA= +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSVDD - VOH1045|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 10kΩ to VDD/2VOL - VSS1040
VDD - VOH80200|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 1kΩ to VDD/2VOL - VSS50150
VDD - VOH100300
Output Voltage SwingVOUT
|VIN+ - VIN-| ≥ 10mV,
RL = 500Ω to VDD/2VOL - VSS80250
Output Short-Circuit CurrentISC48mA
Output Leakage CurrentILEAKShutdown mode (SHDN = VSS),
VOUT = VSS to VDD±0.001±1.0µA
SHDN Logic LowVIL0.3 x V D D V
SHDN Logic HighVIH0.7 x VDDV
SHDN Input CurrentSHDN = VSS to VDD0.011µA
Input CapacitanceCIN10pF
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSMAX4475–MAX4478AV = +1V/V10Gain-Bandwidth ProductGBWPMAX4488/MAX4489AV = +5V/V42MHz
MAX4475–MAX4478AV = +1V/V3Slew RateSRMAX4488/MAX4489AV = +5V/V10V/µs
MAX4475–MAX4478AV = +1V/V0.4Full-Power Bandwidth (Note 5)MAX4488/MAX4489AV = +5V/V1.25MHz
Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltageen(P-P)f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz260nVP-P
f = 10Hz21
f = 1kHz4.5Input Voltage-Noise Densityen
f = 30kHz3.5
nV/√Hz
Input Current-Noise Densityinf = 1kHz0.5fA/√Hz
f = 1kHz0.0002VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +1V/V
(MAX4475–MAX4478),
RL = 10kΩ to GNDf = 20kHz0.0007
f = 1kHz0.0002VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +1V/V
(MAX4475–MAX4478),
RL = 1kΩ to GNDf = 20kHz0.001
f = 1kHz0.0004
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus
Noise (Note 6)THD + N
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +5V/V
(MAX4488/MAX4489),
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
MAX4475-8 toc1
VOS (μV)
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)-250
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
VCOM = 0V
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc03
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
VDD = 3V
VDD = 5V
Typical Operating Characteristics(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hzfor all distortion
measurements, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Note 1:All devices are 100% tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 2:SHDNis available on the MAX4475/MAX4488 only.
Note 3:Guaranteed by the PSRR test.
Note 4:Guaranteed by design.
Note 5:Full-power bandwidth for unity-gain stable devices (MAX4475–MAX4478) is measured in a closed-loop gain of +2V/V to
accommodate the input voltage range, VOUT= 4VP-P.
Note 6:Lowpass-filter bandwidth is 22kHz for f = 1kHz and 80kHz for f = 20kHz. Noise floor of test equipment = 10nV/√Hz.
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSf = 1kHz0.0005Total Harmonic Distortion Plus
Noise (Note 6)THD + N
VOUT = 2VP-P,
AV = +5V/V
(MAX4488/MAX4489),
RL = 1kΩ to GNDf = 20kHz0.008
Capacitive-Load StabilityNo sustained oscillations200pF
Gain MarginGM12dB
MAX4475–MAX4478, AV = +1V/V70Phase MarginΦMMAX4488/MAX4489, AV = +5V/V80degrees
Settling TimeTo 0.01%, VOUT = 2V step2µs
Delay Time to ShutdowntSH1.5µs
Enable Delay Time from ShutdowntENVOUT = 2.5V, VOUT settles to 0.1%10µs
Power-Up Delay TimeVDD = 0 to 5V step, VOUT stable to 0.1%13µs
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, SHDN= VDD, TA= +25°C.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hzfor all distortion
measurements, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT
MAX4475 toc04
OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VDD - VOH
VOL
VDD = 3V OR 5V
VDIFF = ±10mV
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOH)
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc05
TEMPERATURE (°C)
- V
(mV)
RL = 1kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VOL)
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc06
TEMPERATURE (°C)
(mV)
RL = 1kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc07
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
(dB)
RL = 200kΩRL = 20kΩRL = 2kΩ
VDD = 3V
RL REFERENCED TO GND
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc08
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
(dB)
RL = 200kΩRL = 20kΩ
RL = 2kΩ
VDD = 3V
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc09
VOUT SWING FROM EITHER SUPPLY (mV)
(dB)
RL = 200kΩ
RL = 20kΩRL = 2kΩ
VDD = 5V
RL REFERENCED TO GND
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
MAX4475 toc10
(dB)
RL = 200kΩ
RL = 2kΩRL = 20kΩ
VDD = 5V
RL REFERENCED TO VDD
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc11
VOL
(dB)
RL = 100kΩ
RL = 10kΩ
VOUT = 150mV TO 4.75V
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4475 toc12
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
PER AMPLIFIER
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hzfor all distortion
measurements, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc13
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
PER AMPLIFIER
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc14
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4475 toc15
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (
MAX4475–MAX4478
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCYINPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100100k1M10M1k10k100M
GAIN (dB)
PHASE (degrees)
MAX4475 toc16
VDD = 3V OR 5V
RL = 50kΩ
CL = 20pF
AV = +1000V/V
GAIN
PHASE
MAX4488/MAX4489
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCYINPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100100k1M10M1k10k100M
GAIN (dB)
PHASE (degrees)
MAX4475 toc17
VDD = 3V OR 5V
RL = 50kΩ
CL = 20pF
AV = +1000V/V
GAIN
PHASE
MAX4475–MAX4478
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4475 toc18
PSRR (dB)
VDD = 3V OR 5V1000
0.011001k1010k
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc19
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (
AV = +5
AV = +1
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
1k10k100100k
INPUT VOLTAGE-NOISE DENSITY
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc20
FREQUENCY (Hz)
EQUIV
ALENT INPUT NOISE VOL
AGE (nV/
Hz)
1s/div
0.1Hz TO 10HzP-P NOISEVDD = 3V OR 5V
VP-P NOISE = 260nVP-P
200nV/div
MAX4475 toc21
MAX4475
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWINGMAX4475 toc22
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
THD + N (%)
fO = 20kHz, FILTER BW = 80kHz
fO = 3kHz, FILTER BW = 30kHz
AV = +1
RL = 100kΩ
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWINGOUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)13
THD + N (%)
MAX4475 toc23
VDD = +3V, fO = 20kHz
FILTER BW = 80kHz
VDD = 3V, fO = 3kHz
FILTER BW = 30kHz
AV = +5
RL = 100kΩ
0.000110k20k
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc24
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N (%)
0.00115k
FILTER BW = 22kHz
RL = 10kΩ TO GND
R1 = 5.6kΩ, R2 = 53kΩ
VOUT = 2VP-P
AV = +10, VDD = 3V
AV = +10, VDD = 5V
0.00120k
MAX4475–MAX4478
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc25
FREQUENCY (Hz)
THD + N (%)10k15k
FILTER BW = 80kHz
VOUT = 2VP-P
AV = +1
RL = 1kΩ
RL TO VDD/2RL TO GND
RL TO VDD
0.00015k15k20k
MAX4488/MAX4489
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc26
THD + N (%)
10k
FILTER BW = 80kHz
RL = 10kΩ TO GND
R1 = 2.43kΩ, R2 = 10kΩ
VOUT = 2.75VP-P
AV = +5, VDD = 3V
AV = +5, VDD = 5V
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hzfor all distortion
measurements, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps1μs/div
MAX4475–MAX4478
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE0.5V
MAX4475 toc27
2.5V
4μs/div
MAX4475–MAX4478
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE0.5V
MAX4475 toc28
0.6V
20mV/div
Pin Description
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VDD= +5V, VSS= 0V, VCM= 0V, VOUT= VDD/2, RLtied to VDD/2, input noise floor of test equipment =10nV/√Hzfor all distortion
measurements, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
1μs/div
MAX4488/MAX4489
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSEVDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 50pF
VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
MAX4475 toc29
VOUT
200mV/div
1μs/div
MAX4488/MAX4489
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSEVDD = 3V, RL = 10kΩ, CL = 50pF
VIN = 20mV PULSE, AV = +5V/V
MAX4475 toc30
VOUT
50mV/div
1.6V
1.5V
-901000100100k100M10M
MAX4477/MAX4478/MAX4489
CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCYMAX4475 toc31
FREQUENCY (Hz)
CROSSTALK (dB)
10k1M
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
PIN
MAX4475/
MAX4488
MAX4475/
MAX4488MAX4476MAX4477/
MAX4489MAX4478
SOT23/TDFNSO/µMAXSOT23/TDFNSO/µMAXSO/TSSOP
NAMEFUNCTION611, 71, 7, 8, 14
OUT, OUTA,
OUTB, OUTC,
OUTD
Amplifier Output2411VSS
Negative Supply. Connect
to ground for single-
supply operation333, 53, 5, 10, 12
IN+, INA+,
INB+, INC+,
IND+
Noninverting Amplifier
Input242, 62, 6, 9, 13IN-, INA-, INB-,
INC-, IND-Inverting Amplifier Input684VDDPositive Supply———SHDN
Shutdown Input. Connect
to VDD for normal
operation (amplifier(s)
enabled).1, 55——N.C.No Connection. Not
internally connected.Exposed Paddle (TDFN
Detailed DescriptionThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 single-
supply operational amplifiers feature ultra-low noise
and distortion. Their low distortion and low noise make
them ideal for use as preamplifiers in wide dynamic-
range applications, such as 16-bit analog-to-digital
converters (see Typical Operating Circuit). Their high-
input impedance and low noise are also useful for sig-
nal conditioning of high-impedance sources, such as
piezoelectric transducers.
These devices have true rail-to-rail ouput operation,
drive loads as low as 1kΩwhile maintining DC accura-
cy, and can drive capactive loads up to200pF without
oscillation. The input common-mode voltage range
extends from (VDD- 1.6V) to 200mV below the negative
rail. The push-pull output stage maintains excellent DC
characteristics, while delivering up to ±5mA of current.
The MAX4475–MAX4478 are unity-gain stable, while
the MAX4488/MAX4489 have a higher slew rate and
are stable for gains ≥5V/V. The MAX4475/MAX4488
feature a low-power shutdown mode, which reduces
the supply current to 0.01µA and disables the outputs.
Low DistortionMany factors can affect the noise and distortion that the
device contributes to the input signal. The following
guidelines offer valuable information on the impact of
design choices on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).
Choosing proper feedback and gain resistor values for
a particular application can be a very important factor
in reducing THD. In general, the smaller the closed-
loop gain, the smaller the THD generated, especially
when driving heavy resistive loads. The THD of the part
normally increases at approximately 20dB per decade,
as a function of frequency. Operating the device near
or above the full-power bandwidth significantly
degrades distortion.
Referencing the load to either supply also improves the
part’s distortion performance, because only one of the
MOSFETs of the push-pull output stage drives the out-
put. Referencing the load to midsupply increases the
part’s distortion for a given load and feedback setting.
(See the Total Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency graph
in the Typical Operating Characteristics.)
For gains ≥5V/V, the decompensated devices
MAX4488/MAX4489 deliver the best distortion perfor-
mance, since they have a higher slew rate and provide
a higher amount of loop gain for a given closed-loop
gain setting. Capacitive loads below 100pF do not sig-
nificantly affect distortion results. Distortion perfor-
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsVOUT
VIN
VOUT
100mV/div
VIN
100mV/div100mV
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100kΩ
2μs/div
Figure 1. Adding Feed-Forward Compensation
Figure 2a. Pulse Response with No Feed-Forward
Compensation
VOUT
100mV/div
VIN
100mV/div
AV = +2
RF = RG = 100kΩ
2μs/div
Figure 2b. Pulse Response with 10pF Feed-Forward
Compensation
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Low NoiseThe amplifier’s input-referred noise-voltage density is
dominated by flicker noise at lower frequencies, and by
thermal noise at higher frequencies. Because the ther-
mal noise contribution is affected by the parallel combi-
nation of the feedback resistive network (RF|| RG,
Figure 1), these resistors should be reduced in cases
where the system bandwidth is large and thermal noise
is dominant. This noise contribution factor decreases,
however, with increasing gain settings.
For example, the input noise-voltage density of the cir-
cuit with RF= 100kΩ, RG= 11kΩ(AV= +5V/V) is = 14nV/√Hz, encan be reduced to 6nV/√Hzby
choosing RF= 10kΩ, RG= 1.1kΩ(AV= +5V/V), at the
expense of greater current consumption and potentially
higher distortion. For a gain of 100V/V with RF= 100kΩ,= 1.1kΩ, the enis still a low 6nV/√Hz.
Using a Feed-Forward Compensation
Capacitor, CZThe amplifier’s input capacitance is 10pF. If the resis-
tance seen by the inverting input is large (feedback
network), this can introduce a pole within the amplifier’s
bandwidth resulting in reduced phase margin.
Compensate the reduced phase margin by introducing
a feed-forward capacitor (CZ) between the inverting
input and the output (Figure 1). This effectively cancels
the pole from the inverting input of the amplifier.
Choose the value of CZas follows:= 10 x (RF/ RG) [pF]
In the unity-gain stable MAX4475–MAX4478, the use of
a proper CZis most important for AV= +2V/V, and
AV = -1V/V. In the decompensated MAX4488/
MAX4489, CZis most important for AV= +10V/V.
Figures 2a and 2b show transient response both with
and without CZ.
Using a slightly smaller CZthan suggested by the for-
mula above achieves a higher bandwidth at the
expense of reduced phase and gain margin. As a gen-
eral guideline, consider using CZfor cases where RG||is greater than 20kΩ(MAX4475–MAX4478) or
greater than 5kΩ(MAX4488/MAX4489).
Applications Information The MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 combine
good driving capability with ground-sensing input and
rail-to-rail output operation. With their low distortion and
low noise, they are ideal for use in ADC buffers, med-
ical instrumentation systems and other noise-sensitive
applications.
Ground-Sensing and Rail-to-Rail OutputsThe common-mode input range of these devices
extends below ground, and offers excellent common-
mode rejection. These devices are guaranteed not to
undergo phase reversal when the input is overdriven
(Figure 3).
Figure 4 showcases the true rail-to-rail output operation
of the amplifier, configured with AV= 5V/V. The output
swings to within 8mV of the supplies with a 10kΩload,
making the devices ideal in low-supply voltage applica-
tions.
Power Supplies and LayoutThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 operate
from a single +2.7V to +5.5V power supply or from dual
supplies of ±1.35V to ±2.75V. For single-supply opera-
VOUT
2V/div
VIN
2V/div
AV = +1
VDD = +5V
RL = 10kΩ
40μs/div
VOUT
1V/div
20μs/div
Figure 3. Overdriven Input Showing No Phase Reversal
Figure 4. Rail-to-Rail Output Operation
capacitor placed close to the VDDpin. If operating from
dual supplies, bypass each supply to ground.
Good layout improves performance by decreasing the
amount of stray capacitance and noise at the op amp’s
inputs and output. To decrease stray capacitance, min-
imize PC board trace lengths and resistor leads, and
place external components close to the op amp’s pins.
Typical Application CircuitThe Typical Application Circuitshows the single
MAX4475 configured as an output buffer for the
MAX5541 16-bit DAC. Because the MAX5541 has an
unbuffered voltage output, the input bias current of the
op amp used must be less than 6nA to maintain 16-bit
accuracy. The MAX4475 has an input bias current of
of error. In addition, the MAX4475 has excellent open-
loop gain and common-mode rejection, making this an
excellent ouput buffer amplifier.
DC-Accurate Lowpass FilterThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 offer a
unique combination of low noise, wide bandwidth, and
high gain, making them an excellent choice for active
filters up to 1MHz. The Typical Operating Circuitshows
the dual MAX4477 configured as a 5th order
Chebyschev filter with a cutoff frequency of 100kHz.
The circuit is implemented in the Sallen-Key topology,
making this a DC-accurate filter.
MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489
SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,
Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
Typical Application Circuit0 to +2.5V
OUTPUT
SHDN4
SCLK
DINSERIAL
INTERFACE
VDD
DGND
REF
OUT
AGND
+5V+2.5V+5V
MAX5541ESA
MAX4475AUA
Typical Operating Circuit470pF
3.09kΩ
3.83kΩ
13.7kΩ
7.87kΩ
10.0kΩ
10.0kΩ
15.0kΩ
7.15kΩ
10.0kΩ
0.1μF
220pF
220pF
220pF
220pF
MAX44771/2
MAX44771/2
