MAX4399CTK ,Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART ConnectorsApplicationsCVBS RGBSTBENCODERSatellite ReceiversTV SCARTR/L AUDIO R/L AUDIO CONNECTORSatellite Set ..
MAX4399CTK+ ,Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART ConnectorsApplicationsRGBCVBSSTBENCODERSatellite ReceiversTV SCARTR/L AUDIOR/L AUDIO CONNECTORSatellite Set-T ..
MAX4400AUK+T ,Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with Shutdownapplications.● 1.4mA of Sink and Source Load CurrentThe MAX4400 single amplifier is available in ul ..
MAX4400AUK-T ,Single/Dual/Quad / Low-Cost / Single-Supply / Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with ShutdownELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V = +5V, V = 0, V = 0, V = V /2, R = ∞ connected to V /2, SH ..
MAX4400AXK+T ,Single/Dual/Quad, Low-Cost, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with ShutdownElectrical Characteristics (continued)(V = +5V, V = 0V, V = 0V, V = V /2, R = ∞ connected to V /2, ..
MAX4400AXK-T ,Single/Dual/Quad / Low-Cost / Single-Supply / Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with ShutdownELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = +5V, V = 0, V = 0, V = V /2, R = ∞ connected to V /2, SHDN = V (MAX4 ..
MAX821TUS+T ,4-Pin, µP Voltage Monitors with Pin-Selectable Power-On Reset Timeout DelayELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = full range, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical val ..
MAX821TUS-T ,4-Pin レP Voltage Monitors with Pin-Selectable Power-On Reset Timeout DelayELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = full range, T = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical val ..
MAX822LUS-T ,4-Pin P Voltage Monitors with Pin-Selectable Power-On Reset Timeout DelayApplicationsMAX822LUS-T 4.63 BF_ _Bar-Code ScannersMAX822MUS-T 4.38 BG_ _ComputersMAX822TUS-T 3.08 ..
MAX822RUS+T ,4-Pin, µP Voltage Monitors with Pin-Selectable Power-On Reset Timeout DelayMAX821/MAX82219-1122; Rev 3; 12/054-Pin µP Voltage Monitors with Pin-SelectablePower-On Reset Timeo ..
MAX822RUS-T ,4-Pin P Voltage Monitors with Pin-Selectable Power-On Reset Timeout DelayFeaturesThe MAX821/MAX822 microprocessor (µP) supervisory
MAX4399CTK
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART Connectors
General DescriptionThe MAX4399 audio/video switch is ideal for digital set-
top box applications. The MAX4399 provides video and
audio routing from the MPEG decoder source to the TV,
VCR, and AUX SCART (peritelevision) connectors. In
addition, the TV audio channel features clickless
switching and programmable volume control from
-56dB to +6dB in 2dB steps. The device can mix an
auxiliary audio tone into the TV audio channel and can
mix the stereo audio signal into a mono audio signal.
The MAX4399 directly drives an external RF modulator
with a composite video with blanking and sound
(CVBS) signal created by an on-chip luma/chroma
(Y/C) mixer and external RLC trap filter. The MAX4399
features a fast-mode I2C™-compatible 2-wire interface
allowing communication at data rates up to 400kbps.
The MAX4399 operates with standard +5V and +12V
single supplies and supports slow and fast switching.
All video and audio inputs are AC-coupled. The DC
biases of all input and output signals are set to pre-
defined levels. All video outputs, including the RF mod-
ulator, drive standard 150Ωloads. Red, green, and
blue (RGB) outputs feature a programmable gain of
+6dB ±1dB. All other video outputs have a fixed +6dB
gain. The VCR and AUX audio output gains are pro-
grammable for -6dB, 0dB, and +6dB.
The MAX4399 is available in a compact 68-pin thin
QFN package and is specified for the 0°C to +70°C
commercial temperature range. The MAX4399 evalua-
tion kit is available to help speed designs.
ApplicationsSatellite Receivers
Satellite Set-Top Boxes
Cable Set-Top Boxes
Terrestrial Set-Top Boxes
Game Consoles
TVs
Digital Television (DTV)
VCRs
DVD Players
DVD+R/W Players
FeaturesLow -86dB Video Signal-to-Noise Ratio150ΩDriver on All Video Outputs, Including the
RF ModulatorFull CVBS Loop-Through on AUX SCARTProgrammable Audio Gain Control of -56dB to
+6dB (TV Audio Outputs)Clickless Audio Switching (TV Audio Outputs) Programmable Clamp or Bias on Red/Chroma
Video Inputs Programmable Video Gain of +6dB, ±1dB on RGB
Outputs+5V and +12V Standard Supply Voltages27MHz -3dB Large-Signal Bandwidth on All Video
Drivers
MAX4399
ConnectorsPurchase of I2C components of Maxim Integrated Products,
Inc. or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies, conveys
a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use these com-
ponents in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms
to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSStresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Voltages
V_VID to G_VID.....................................................-0.3V to +6V
V12 to G_AUD.....................................................-0.3V to +14V
V_DIG to G_DIG....................................................-0.3V to +6V
G_AUD to G_DIG...............................................-0.1V to +0.1V
G_VID to G_DIG.................................................-0.1V to +0.1V
G_AUD to G_VID................................................-0.1V to +0.1V
Video Inputs, Video Outputs, ENC_FS_IN, VCR_FS_IN,
VID_BIAS, TRAP................................-0.3V to (VV_VID+ 0.3V)
V_AUD to G_AUD................................................-0.3V to +9V
Audio Inputs, Audio Outputs,
AUD_BIAS........................................-0.3V to (VV_AUD+ 0.3V)
SDA, SCL, DEV_ADDR, INTERRUPT_OUT.........-0.3V to +6V
AUX_SS, TV_SS, VCR_SS....................-0.3V to (VV12+ 0.3V)
Currents
INTERRUPT_OUT..........................................................+50mA
TRAP................................................................................±4mA
Output Short Circuit
Video Outputs and TV_FS_OUT to V_VID,
V_DIG, G_AUD, G_VID, or G_DIG........................Continuous
Audio Outputs to V_AUD, V_VID, V_DIG,
G_AUD, G_VID, or G_DIG.....................................Continuous
AUX_SS, TV_SS, and VCR_SS to V12,
V_AUD, V_VID, V_DIG, G_AUD,
G_VID, or G_DIG...................................................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
68-Pin Thin QFN (derate 41.7mW/°C
above +70°C).........................................................3333.3mW
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from V_AUD to
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from V_AUD to
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from V_AUD to
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from V_AUD to
Note 2:Parameter guaranteed by design.
Note 3:CB= total capacitance of one bus line in pF. Tested with CB= 400pF.
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
Typical Operating Characteristics(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF ceramic X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from
V_AUD to G_AUD, no load, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
AUDIO THD+N vs. FREQUENCYMAX4399 toc11
FREQUENCY (kHz)
THD+N (%)10.1
AUDIO CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4399 toc10
FREQUENCY (kHz)
CROSSTALK (dB)10.1
V_VID QUIESCENT SUPPLY
CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4399 toc12
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V_VID QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)255075
V_VID STANDBY QUIESCENT SUPPLY
CURRENT vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4399 toc13
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V_VID STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
V_DIG QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4399 toc14
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V_DIG SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)255075
V12 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4399 toc15
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V12 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
V_AUD vs. TEMPERATUREMAX4399 toc16
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V_AUD (V)25
INPUT CLAMP AND BIAS LEVEL
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4399 toc17
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT CLAMP AND BIAS LEVEL (V)25
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4399 toc18
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INPUT CLAMP CURRENT (
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF ceramic X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from
V_AUD to G_AUD, no load, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(VV12= 12V, VV_VID= 5V, VV_DIG= 5V, 0.47µF ceramic X5R capacitor in parallel with a 10µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor from
V_AUD to G_AUD, no load, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
MAX4399
Detailed DescriptionThe MAX4399 audio/video switch matrix connects audio
and video signals between different ports. In the case of
a set-top box, the ports consist of the MPEG decoder
and three SCART connectors. For DVD+RW recorders
and some televisions, the ports consist of the main
board, front panel, tuner, and two SCART connectors.
The video section consists of input buffers, a crosspoint
switch, and output drivers that can be disabled. There
is also a mixer, which creates a composite video signal
from S-video. The video inputs can be set in either
clamp or bias mode. The red/chroma outputs have pull-
downs that connect the outputs to video ground as
described in the Video Inputssection.
The audio section features input buffers, a crosspoint
switch, and output drivers. The TV audio path has vol-
ume control from -56dB to +6dB in 2dB steps. The VCR
and AUX audio paths have volume control from -6dB to
+6dB in 6dB steps. The MAX4399 can be configured to
switch inputs during a zero crossing to reduce clicks.
The MAX4399 can also switch volume levels during a
zero crossing to reduce zipper noise. The audio out-
puts can operate in different modes. For instance, left
and right audio channels can be swapped (see the
Audio Outputssection).
The MAX4399 has two fast-switching inputs and one
fast-switching output. Fast switching is used for creat-
ing on-screen displays by switching between the CVBS
and RGB signals. Under I2C-compatible control, the
fast-switching output can follow either of the fast-
switching inputs or be set high or low.
The MAX4399 features three slow-switching input/out-
puts to support slow switching, which sets the screen
aspect ratio or video source of the display device. The
slow switching relies on tri-level logic in which the levels
are 0V, 6V, and 12V. The status of the slow-switching
input is continuously read and stored in register 0Eh. If
INTERRUPT_OUT is enabled, then INTERRUPT_OUT
changes to a high-impedance state if any of the slow-
switching inputs change logic levels. The slow-switching
outputs can be set to a logic level or high impedance by
writing to registers 07h, 09h, or 0Bh.
The MAX4399 can be configured through an I2C-com-
patible interface. DEV_ADDR sets the I2C-compatible
address.
SCART Video SwitchingThe MAX4399 triple SCART audio/video switch
includes multiplexed video amplifiers and a Y-C mixer-
driver with a trap filter to drive an RF modulator. The
MAX4399 switches video from an MPEG decoder out-
put and TV, VCR, and AUX SCART connectors.
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
The inputs and outputs are grouped by SCART connec-
tors: TV, VCR, and AUX. While the SCART connector
supports RGB, S-video, and composite formats, RGB
and S-video share a bidirectional set of SCART connec-
tor pins. The MAX4399 supports connection of auxiliary
devices (DVD players, DVD+R/W recorders, game con-
soles, camcorders, etc.) by including full I/O support for
an auxiliary (AUX) SCART connector.
Video InputsAll of the video amplifier inputs are AC-coupled with an
external 0.1µF capacitor. Either a clamp or bias circuit
sets the DC input level of the video signals. The clamp
circuit positions the sync tip of the CVBS, RGB, or luma
(S-VHS) signals. If the signal does not have sync, then
the clamp positions the minimum of the signal at the
clamp voltage. The bias circuit positions the chroma sig-
nal (S-VHS) at its midlevel. On the video inputs that can
receive either a chroma or a red video signal, the 2-wire
interface sets whether the clamp or bias circuit is active.
Red/chroma signals, such as TV_R/C_OUT signals are
bidirectional. When the red/chroma signal is being
used as an input, then the red/chroma output must con-
nect the 75Ωback-termination resistor to ground, as
shown in Figure1, so the transmitting device can see
the proper termination on the receiving side. The
MAX4399 provides an active pulldown to G_VID on all
red/chroma outputs (AUX_R/C_OUT, TV_R/C_OUT, and
VCR_R/C_OUT).
The MPEG decoder and VCR uses the RGB format to
insert an on-screen display (OSD), usually text, onto the
TV. A fast-switching signal controls whether the RGB
signals or composite video signal appear on the TV.
The MAX4399 supports RGB as an input from either the
VCR or the MPEG decoder and as an output only to the
TV. The red video signal of the RGB format and the
chroma video signal of the S-VHS format share the
same SCART connector pin; therefore RGB signals and
S-VHS signals cannot be present at the same time.
Loop-through is possible with a composite video signal
but not with RGB signals because the RGB SCART pins
are used for both input and output.
The VCR, MPEG decoder, auxiliary device, and TV use
the S-VHS format, which is the high-quality format for the
home today. The MAX4399 supports S-VHS as an input
from the VCR, MPEG decoder, auxiliary device, and TV,
and as a separately switchable output to the TV, VCR,
and AUX SCART connectors. Because S-VHS support
was not included in the original specification of the
SCART connector, the Y signal of S-VHS and the CVBS
signal share the same SCART connector pins. If S-VHS
is present, then a composite signal must be created
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
ConnectorsFigure 1. Bidirectional SCART Pins
MAX4399from the Y and C signals to drive the legacy
RF_CVBS_OUT output. The circuit is shown as a sum-
ming point with bias in Figure2. The MAX4399 sums Y
and C to get CVBS, and the bias provides the DC levels
for offsetting the chroma signal. Again, loop-through is
not possible with S-VHS because the chroma SCART
pin is used for both input and output.
The MAX4399 supports the CVBS format, with inputs
from the VCR, MPEG decoder, TV, and auxiliary device.
Full loop-through is possible to all devices except the
MPEG decoder because the SCART connector has
separate input and output pins for the CVBS format.
Slow SwitchingThe MAX4399 supports the tri-level slow switching of
IEC 933-1, Amendment 1, which selects the aspect ratio
for the display device. Under I2C-compatible control,
the MAX4399 sets the slow-switching output levels. Table
1 shows the valid output levels of the slow-switching
signal and the corresponding operating modes of the
display device.
The slow-switching SCART pins are bidirectional. The
MAX4399 can set the slow-switch output drivers to high-
impedance mode to receive signals. When enabled,
INTERRUPT_OUT becomes high impedance if the
voltage level changes on TV_SS, VCR_SS, or AUX_SS.
The VCR or MPEG decoder outputs a fast-switching
signal to the display device. The fast-switching signal
can also be set to a constant high or low through the 2-
wire interface. The pass-through delay from VCR to TV
or MPEG decoder to TV matches that of the RGB sig-
nals facilitating proper OSD insertion.
Video OutputsThe DC level at the video outputs is controlled so cou-
pling capacitors are not required, and all of the video
outputs are capable of driving a 150Ω, back-terminated
coax load directly with respect to ground. Since some
televisions and VCRs use the horizontal sync height for
automatic gain control, the MAX4399 accurately repro-
duces the sync height to within ±2%.
Y/C Mixer and Trap FilterThe MAX4399 includes an on-chip mixer to produce
CVBS from Y and C. The Y signal input to the mixer has
an external trap filter connection, TRAP, to eliminate the
color subcarrier frequency (4.43MHz), preventing
cross-mixing of the subcarriers in the mixer. TRAP is
internally biased at 0.5V. Connect a series RLC filter to
G_VID, or leave TRAP unconnected if not used.
SCART Audio Switching
Audio InputsThe audio block has four stereo audio inputs from the TV,
VCR, and AUX SCART connectors, plus the MPEG
decoder. Additionally, the MAX4399 provides a satellite
tone input. Each input has a 100kΩresistor connected to
an internally generated voltage equal to 0.5 x V_AUD.
There are three main sections—the TV channel, the VCR
channel, and the AUX channel.
Audio OutputsEach channel has a stereo output and the TV channel
has an additional phono output and a mono output. The
phono outputs always follow the TV audio input selec-
tion. The mono output, a mix of the TV right and left
channels, drives the channel 3/4 RF modulator. The
three stereo outputs can be configured to normal
mode, swap mode, mono, both channels to right input,
and both channels to left input. The latter two modes
are useful if the left audio channel carries one language
and the right audio channel carries another language.
The phono output is ideal for connection to a hi-fi, and
carries the same signals as the TV output when
switched to normal mode.
The mono mixer, a resistor summer, attenuates the
amplitude of each of the two signals by 6dB. The 3dB
gain block, which follows the mono mixer (Figures 3
and 4), is a compromise between a 0dB gain block and
a 6dB gain block. If the left and right audio channels
were completely uncorrelated, then a 6dB gain block
could be used. If the left and right channels were com-
pletely correlated, then a 0dB block would have to be
used. In reality, most stereo audio channels are partial-
ly correlated and hence a 3dB gain block was used.
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
ConnectorsFigure 2. MAX4399 Video Section Functional Diagram
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
ConnectorsFigure 3. MAX4399 Audio Functional Diagram (AUDIO BLOCK 1)
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
ConnectorsFigure4. Audio Functional Diagram (AUDIO BLOCK2)
MAX4399
Zero-Cross (Clickless) SwitchingThe TV channel incorporates a zero-crossing detect
(ZCD) circuit that minimizes click noise due to abrupt
signal level changes that occur when switching between
audio signals at an arbitrary moment in time.
To implement the zero-cross function when switching
audio signals, set the ZCD bit by loading register 00h
through the I2C-compatible interface (if the ZCD bit is
not already set). Then set the mute bit high by loading
register 00h. Next, wait for a period of time long enough
for the audio signal to cross zero. This period is a func-
tion of the audio signal path’s low frequency 3dB cor-
ner (fL3dB). For example, if fL3dB= 20Hz, the time
period to wait for zero cross is 1/20Hz or 50ms. Next,
set the appropriate TV switches using register 01h.
Finally, clear the mute bit (while leaving the ZCD bit
high) using register 00h. The MAX4399 switches the
signal out of mute at the next zero crossing.
To implement the zero-cross function for TV volume
changes, or for TV and phono volume bypass switch-
ing, simply ensure the ZCD bit in register 00h is set.
Volume ControlThe TV channel volume control ranges from -56dB to
+6dB in 2dB increments. The VCR and AUX volume
control settings are programmable for -6dB, 0dB, and
+6dB. With the ZCD bit set, the TV volume control
switches only at zero crossings, thus minimizing click
noise. The TV outputs can bypass the volume control.
While the phono outputs always follow the TV audio
input selection, the phono outputs can either be
processed through the TV volume control or they can
bypass the TV volume control.
Digital Section
Serial InterfaceThe MAX4399 uses a simple 2-wire serial interface
requiring only two I/O lines (2-wire bus) of a standard
microprocessor (µP) port. The fast-mode I2C-compati-
ble serial interface allows communication at data rates
up to 400kbps. Figure5 shows the timing diagram for
signals on the 2-wire bus.
The two bus lines (SDA and SCL) must be high when the
bus is not in use. The MAX4399 is a slave device and
must be controlled by a bus master device. Figure6
shows a typical application where multiple devices can
be connected to the bus provided they have different
address settings. External pullup resistors are not neces-
sary on these lines (when driven by push-pull drivers),
though the MAX4399 can be used in applications where
pullup resistors are required to maintain compatibility
with existing circuitry. The serial interface operates at
SCL rates up to 400kHz. The SDA state is allowed to
change only while SCL is low, with the exception of
START and STOP conditions as shown in Figure7.
SDA’s state is sampled, and therefore must remain sta-
ble while SCL is high. Data is transmitted in 8-bit bytes.
Nine clock cycles are required to transfer each byte to
the MAX4399. Release SDA during the 9th clock cycle
as the selected device acknowledges the receipt of the
byte, by pulling SDA low during this time. A series
resistor on the SDA line may be needed if the master’s
output is forced high while the selected device
acknowledges (Figure6).
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
ConnectorsFigure5. Timing Diagram for SDA and SCL Signals
2C CompatibilityThe MAX4399 is compatible with existing I2C systems.
SCL and SDA are high-impedance inputs. SDA has an
open drain that pulls the data line low during the 9th
clock pulse. Figure8 shows a typical I2C interface
application. The communication protocol supports the
standard I2C 8-bit communications. The general call
address is ignored, and CBUS formats are not supported.
The MAX4399 address is compatible with the 7-bit I2C
addressing protocol only. No 10-bit formats are support-
ed. RESTART protocol is supported, but an immediate
STOP condition is necessary to update the MAX4399.
Digital Inputs and Interface LogicThe I2C-compatible, 2-wire interface has logic levels
defined as VOL= 0.8V and VOH= 2.0V. All of the inputs
include Schmitt-trigger buffers to accept slow-transition
interfaces. The digital inputs are compatible with 3V
CMOS logic levels.
INTERRUPT_OUT SignalINTERRUPT_OUT is an open-drain output that
becomes high impedance when a change in any of the
slow-switch signals occurs. Clear INTERRUPT_OUT by
setting bit 3 of register 04h low.
Data Format of the 2-Wire Interface
Write mode
Read modeWhere S = Start Condition, A = Acknowledge, P = Stop
Condition.
MAX4399
Audio/Video Switch for Three SCART
Connectors
