MAX17043G+T ,Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges with Low-Battery AlertFeaturesThe MAX17043/MAX17044 are ultra-compact, low-cost, ♦ Host-Side or Battery-Side Fuel Gauging ..
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MAX1705 ,1 to 3 Cell, High Current, Low-Noise, Step-Up DC-DC Converters with Linear RegulatorApplications __________Typical Operating CircuitDigital Cordless Phones PCS PhonesPersonal Communic ..
MAX17058G+T10 ,1-Cell/2-Cell Li+ ModelGauge ICsFeatures and BenefitsThe MAX17058/MAX17059 ICs are tiny fuel gauges S MAX17058: 1 Cell, MAX17059: 2 ..
MAX1705EEE ,1- to 3-Cell / High-Current / Low-Noise / Step-Up DC-DC Converters with Linear RegulatorELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = V = V = 3.6V, CLK/SEL = FB = LBN = LBO = ONA = ONB = TRACK = GND, RE ..
MAX1705EEE ,1- to 3-Cell / High-Current / Low-Noise / Step-Up DC-DC Converters with Linear RegulatorApplications __________Typical Operating CircuitDigital Cordless Phones PCS PhonesPersonal Communic ..
MAX4523EUE+T ,Quad, Low-Voltage SPST Analog SwitchesELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Dual Supplies(V+ = +4.5V to +5.5V, V- = -4.5V to -5.5V, T = T to T , unl ..
MAX4524CUB ,Low-Voltage / Single-Supply Multiplexer and SwitchApplicationsMAX4524C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*MAX4524EUB -40°C to +85°C 10 µMAXBattery-Operated Equipmen ..
MAX4524CUB ,Low-Voltage / Single-Supply Multiplexer and SwitchFeaturesThe MAX4524/MAX4525 are low-voltage, single-supply' Tiny 10-Pin µMAX PackageCMOS analog swi ..
MAX4524CUB ,Low-Voltage / Single-Supply Multiplexer and SwitchMAX4524/MAX452519-1332; Rev 0; 1/98Low-Voltage, Single-Supply Multiplexer and Switch ______________ ..
MAX4524CUB+ ,Low-Voltage, Single-Supply Multiplexer and SwitchELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single +5V Supply(V+ = 4.5V to 5.5V, GND = 0V, V = 2.4V, V = 0.8V, T = T ..
MAX4524CUB+T ,Low-Voltage, Single-Supply Multiplexer and SwitchELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Single +5V Supply(V+ = 4.5V to 5.5V, GND = 0V, V = 2.4V, V = 0.8V, T = T ..
MAX17043G+T
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges with Low-Battery Alert
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery AlertEVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
General DescriptionThe MAX17043/MAX17044 are ultra-compact, low-cost,
host-side fuel-gauge systems for lithium-ion (Li+) batter-
ies in handheld and portable equipment. The MAX17043
is configured to operate with a single lithium cell and the
MAX17044 is configured for a dual-cell 2S pack.
The MAX17043/MAX17044 use a sophisticated Li+ bat-
tery-modeling scheme, called ModelGauge™ to track
the battery’s relative state-of-charge (SOC) continuously
over a widely varying charge/discharge profile. Unlike
traditional fuel gauges, the ModelGauge algorithm elim-
inates the need for battery relearn cycles and an exter-
nal current-sense resistor. Temperature compensation
is possible in the application with minimal interaction
between a µC and the device.
A quick-start mode provides a good initial estimate of
the battery’s SOC. This feature allows the IC to be
located on system side, reducing cost and supply
chain constraints on the battery. Measurement and esti-
mated capacity data sets are accessed through an I2C
interface. The MAX17043/MAX17044 are available in
either a 0.4mm pitch 9-bump UCSP™ or 2mm x 3mm,
8-pin TDFN lead-free package.
Applications
FeaturesHost-Side or Battery-Side Fuel Gauging1 Cell (MAX17043)
2 Cell (MAX17044)Precision Voltage Measurement
±12.5mV Accuracy to 5.00V (MAX17043)±30mV Accuracy to 10.00V (MAX17044)Accurate Relative Capacity (RSOC) Calculated
from ModelGauge AlgorithmNo Offset Accumulation on MeasurementNo Full-to-Empty Battery Relearning NecessaryNo Sense Resistor RequiredExternal Alarm/Interrupt for Low-Battery Warning2-Wire InterfaceLow Power ConsumptionTiny, Lead(Pb)-Free, 8-Pin, 2mm x 3mm TDFN
Package or Tiny 0.4mm Pitch 9-Bump UCSP
Package
Ordering InformationLi+
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT
MAX17043
MAX17044
CELL
1µF
1kΩ
10nF
150Ω
GNDEP
CTG
SCL
SDA
QSTRT
VDD
ALRT
SYSTEM
I2C BUS
MASTER
INTERRUPT
4.7kΩ
Simplified Operating Circuit
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-PACKAGE
MAX17043G+U-20°C to +70°C8 TDFN-EP*
MAX17043G+T-20°C to +70°C8 TDFN-EP*
MAX17043X+-20°C to +70°C9 UCSP
MAX17043X+T10-20°C to +70°C9 UCSP
MAX17044G+U-20°C to +70°C8 TDFN-EP*
MAX17044G+T-20°C to +70°C8 TDFN-EP*
MAX17044X+-20°C to +70°C9 UCSP
MAX17044X+T10-20°C to +70°C9 UCSP
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
T = Tape and reel.
*EP= Exposed pad.
Smartphones
MP3 Players
Digital Still Cameras
Digital Video Cameras
Portable DVD Players
GPS Systems
Handheld and Portable
Applications
ModelGauge is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
GND Visit www.maximintegrated.com/products/patentsfor
product patent marking information.
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery Alert
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(2.5V ≤VDD≤4.5V, TA= -20°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted. Contact Maxim for VDDgreater than 4.5V.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Voltage on CTG Pin Relative to VGND....................-0.3V to +12V
Voltage on CELL Pin Relative to VGND...................-0.3V to +12V
Voltage on All Other Pins Relative to VGND..............-0.3V to +6V
Operating Temperature Range...........................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range
(TA= 0°C to +70°C (Note 10))........................-55°C to +125°C
Lead Temperature (TDFN soldering only, 10s)...............+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260°C
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSActive Current IACTIVE 50 75 μA
VDD = 2.0V 0.5 1.0 Sleep-Mode Current (Note 2) ISLEEP1 3
μA
VDD = 3.6V at +25°C -1 +1
TA = 0°C to +70°C (Note 10) -2 +2 Time-Base Accuracy tERR
TA = -20°C to +70°C -3 +3
TA = +25°C, VIN= VDD -12.5 +12.5 MAX17043 Voltage-
Measurement Error -30 +30 mV
TA = +25°C, 5.0V < VIN< 9.0V -30 +30 MAX17044 Voltage-
Measurement Error
VGERR
5.0 < VIN< 9.0 -60 +60 mV
CELL Pin Input Impedance RCELL 15 M
Input Logic-High:
SCL, SDA, QSTRT VIH (Note 1) 1.4 V
Input Logic-Low:
SCL, SDA, QSTRT VIL (Note 1) 0.5 V
Output Logic-Low: SDA VOL IOL = 4mA (Note 1) 0.4 V
Output Logic-Low: ALRT VOL-ALRT IOL-ALRT = 2mA (Note 1) 0.4 V
Pulldown Current: SCL, SDA IPD VDD = 4.5V, VPIN = 0.4V 0.2 μA
Input Capacitance: SCL, SDA CBUS 50 pF
Bus Low Timeout tSLEEP (Note 3) 1.75 2.5 s
Mode Transition tTRAN (Note 4) 1 ms
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS(2.5V ≤VDD≤4.5V, TA= -20°C to +70°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSSupply Voltage VDD (Note 1) +2.5 +4.5 V
Data I/O Pins
SCL, SDA,
QSTRT,
ALRT
(Note 1) -0.3 +5.5 V
MAX17043 CELL Pin VCELL (Note 1) -0.3 +5.0 V
MAX17044 CELL Pin VCELL (Note 1) -0.3 +10.0 V
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery Alert
Note 1:All voltages are referenced to GND.
Note 2:SDA, SCL = GND; QSTRT, ALRTidle.
Note 3:The MAX17043/MAX17044 enter Sleep mode 1.75s to 2.5s after (SCL < VIL) AND (SDA < VIL).
Note 4:Time to enter sleep after Sleep command is sent. Time to exit sleep on rising edge of SCL or SDA.
Note 5:fSCLmust meet the minimum clock low time plus the rise/fall times.
Note 6:The maximum tHD:DAThas only to be met if the device does not stretch the low period (tLOW) of the SCL signal.
Note 7:This device internally provides a hold time of at least 75ns for the SDA signal (referred to the VIHMINof the SCL signal) to
bridge the undefined region of the falling edge of SCL.
Note 8:Filters on SDA and SCL suppress noise spikes at the input buffers and delay the sampling instant.
Note 9:CB—total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
Note 10:Applies to 8-pin TDFN-EP package type only.
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSSCL Clock Frequency fSCL (Note 5) 0 400 kHz
Bus Free Time Between a STOP
and START Condition tBUF 1.3 μs
Hold Time (Repeated)
START Condition tHD:STA(Note 5) 0.6 μs
Low Period of SCL Clock tLOW 1.3 μs
High Period of SCL Clock tHIGH 0.6 μs
Setup Time for a Repeated
START Condition tSU:STA 0.6 μs
Data Hold Time tHD:DAT (Notes 6, 7) 0 0.9 μs
Data Setup Time tSU:DAT (Note 6) 100 ns
Rise Time of Both SDA
and SCL Signals tR20 +
0.1CB 300 ns
Fall Time of Both SDA
and SCL Signals tF20 +
0.1CB 300 ns
Setup Time for STOP Condition tSU:STO 0.6 μs
Spike Pulse Widths Suppressed
by Input Filter tSP(Note 8) 0 50 ns
Capacitive Load for Each
Bus Line CB(Note 9) 400 pF
SCL, SDA Input Capacitance CBIN 60 pF
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 2-WIRE INTERFACE(2.5V ≤VDD≤4.5V, TA= -20°C to +70°C.)
QUIESCENT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGEMAX17043/4 toc01
VDD (V)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (2451
TA = +70°CTA = +25°C
TA = -20°C
SIMPLE C/2 RATE CYCLES*
SOC ACCURACYMAX17043/4 toc02
TIME (h)
STATE OF CHARGE (%)
SOC ERROR (%)106842
ERROR (%)
MAX17043/
MAX17044 SOC:
DASHED LINE
REFERENCE SOC:
SOLID LINE
C/2 RATE ZIGZAG PATTERN*
SOC ACCURACYMAX17043/4 toc05
TIME (hr)
STATE OF CHARGE (%)
SOC ERROR (%)81622204
ERROR (%)
MAX17043/MAX17044 SOC:
DASHED LINE
REFERENCE SOC:
SOLID LINE
SIMPLE C/4 RATE CYCLES*
SOC ACCURACYMAX17043/4 toc03
TIME (hr)
STATE OF CHARGE (%)
SOC ERROR (%)1068181622201442
ERROR (%)
MAX17043/
MAX17044 SOC:
DASHED LINE
REFERENCE SOC:
SOLID LINE
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery Alert
MAX17043 VOLTAGE ADC ERROR
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX17043/4 toc04
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VOLTAGE ADC ERROR (mV)106085-15
VCELL = 3.0V
VCELL = 4.2V
VCELL = 3.6V
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery AlertTOP VIEW
(BUMPS ON BOTTOM)
SDASCLCTG
QSTRTN.C.CELL
ALRTVDDGND
UCSP3
MAX17043
MAX17044
5
SDAQSTRTALRT
SCL
CTGVDDGNDCELL
TDFN
(2mm × 3mm)TOP VIEW
MAX17043
MAX17044
Pin Configurations
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTION
UCSPTDFN8SDASerial Data Input/Output. Open-drain 2-wire data line. Connect this pin to the DATA signal of the 2-
wire interface. This pin has a 0.2µA typical pulldown to sense disconnection.7SCLSerial Clock Input. Input only 2-wire clock line. Connect this pin to the CLOCK signal of the 2-wire
interface. This pin has a 0.2µA typical pulldown to sense disconnection.1CTGConnect to Ground. Connect to VSS during normal operation.6QSTRTQuick-Start Input. Allows reset of the device through hardware. Connect to GND if not used.N.C.No connect. Do not connect.2CELLBattery Voltage Input. The voltage of the cell pack is measured through this pin.5ALRTAlert Output. Active-low interrupt signaling low state of charge. Connect to interrupt input of the
system microprocessor.3VDDPower-Supply Input. 2.5V to 4.5V input range. Connect to system power through a decoupling
network. Connect a 10nF typical decoupling capacitor close to pin.4GNDGround. Connect to the negative power rail of the system.—EPExposed Pad (TDFN only). Connect to ground.
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery AlertSDA
SCL
tLOW
tHD:STA
tHD:DAT
tSU:STAtSU:STO
tSU:DATtHD:STA
tSPtRtBUF
SSrPS
Figure 1. 2-Wire Bus Timing Diagram
Detailed DescriptionFigure 1 shows the 2-wire bus timing diagram, and
Figure 2 is the MAX17043/MAX17044 block diagram.
ModelGauge Theory of OperationThe MAX17043/MAX17044 use a sophisticated battery
model that determines the SOC of a nonlinear Li+
battery. The model effectively simulates the internal
dynamics of a Li+ battery and determines the SOC. The
model considers the time effects of a battery caused by
the chemical reactions and impedance in the battery.
The MAX17043/MAX17044 SOC calculation does not
accumulate error with time. This is advantageous
comparedto traditional coulomb counters, which suffer
from SOC drift caused by current-sense offset and cell
self-discharge. This model provides good performance
for many Li+ chemistry variants across temperature
and age. To achieve optimum performance, the
MAX17043/MAX17044 must be programmed with con-
figuration data custom to the application. Contact the
factory for details.
Fuel-Gauge PerformanceThe classical coulomb-counter-based fuel gauges suf-
fer from accuracy drift due to the accumulation of the
offset error in the current-sense measurement. Although
the error is often very small, the error increases over
time in such systems, cannot be eliminated, and
requires periodic corrections. The corrections are usu-
ally performed on a predefined SOC level near full or
empty. Some other systems use the relaxed battery
voltage to perform corrections. These systems deter-
mine the true SOC based on the battery voltage after a
long time of no activity. Both have the same limitation: if
the correction condition is not observed over time in the
actual application, the error in the system is boundless.
In some systems, a full-charge/discharge cycle is
required to eliminate the drift error. To determine the
true accuracy of a fuel gauge, as experienced by end
users, the battery should be exercised in a dynamic
manner. The end-user accuracy cannot be understood
with only simple cycles. MAX17043/MAX17044 do not
suffer from the drift problem since they do not rely on
the current information.
STATE
MACHINE
(SOC, RATE)
2-WIRE
INTERFACE
GROUND
TIME BASE
(32kHz)
ADC (VCELL)
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
BIAS
GND
CELL
VDD
SCL
SDA
ALRT
QSTRT
CTG
MAX17043
MAX17044
Figure 2. Block Diagram
MAX17043/MAX17044
Compact, Low-Cost 1S/2S Fuel Gauges
with Low-Battery Alert
IC Power-UpWhen the battery is first inserted into the system, there
is no previous knowledge about the battery’s SOC. The
IC assumes that the battery has been in a relaxed state
for the previous 30min. The first A/D voltage measure-
ment is translated into a best “first guess” for the SOC.
Initial error caused by the battery not being in a relaxed
state fades over time, regardless of cell loading follow-
ing this initial conversion. Because the SOC determina-
tion is convergent rather than divergent (as in a
coulomb counter), this initial error does not have a long-
lasting impact.
Quick-StartA quick-start allows the MAX17043/MAX17044 to restart
fuel-gauge calculations in the same manner as initial
power-up of the IC. For example, if an application’s
power-up sequence is exceedingly noisy such that
excess error is introduced into the IC’s “first guess” of
SOC, the host can issue a quick-start to reduce the
error. A quick-start is initiated by a rising edge on the
QSTRT pin, or through software by writing 4000h to the
MODE register.
ALERT InterruptThe MAX17043/MAX17044 have an interrupt feature
that alerts a host microprocessor whenever the cell's
state of charge, as defined by the SOC register, falls
below a predefined alert threshold set at address 0Dh
of the CONFIG register.
When an alert is triggered, the IC drives the ALRTpin to
logic-low and sets the ALRT bit in the CONFIG register
to logic 1. The ALRTpin remains logic-low until the host
software writes the ALRT bit to logic 0 to clear the inter-
rupt. Clearing the ALRT bit while SOC is below the alert
threshold does not generate another interrupt. The SOC
register must first rise above and then fall below the alert
threshold value before another interrupt is generated.
Note that the alert function is not disabled at IC power-
up. If the first SOC calculation is below the threshold
setting, an interrupt is generated. Entering Sleep mode
does not clear the interrupt.
Sleep ModeHolding both SDA and SCL logic-low forces the
MAX17043/MAX17044 into Sleep mode. While in Sleep
mode, all IC operations are halted and power drain of
the IC is greatly reduced. After exiting Sleep mode,
fuel-gauge operation continues from the point it was
halted. SDA and SCL must be held low for at least 2.5s
to guarantee transition into Sleep mode. Afterwards, a
rising edge on either SDA or SCL immediately transi-
tions the IC out of Sleep mode.
Alternatively, Sleep mode can be entered by setting the
SLEEP bit in the CONFIG register to logic 1 through I2C
communication. If the SLEEP bit is set to logic 1, the
only way to exit Sleep mode is to write SLEEP to logic 0
or power-on reset the IC.
Power-On Reset (POR)Writing a value of 0054h to the COMMAND register caus-
es the MAX17043/MAX17044 to completely reset as if
power had been removed. The reset occurs when the last
bit has been clocked in. The IC does not respond with an
I2C ACK after this command sequence.
RegistersAll host interaction with the MAX17043/MAX17044 is
handled by writing to and reading from register loca-
tions. The MAX17043/MAX17044 have six 16-bit regis-
ters:
SOC, VCELL, MODE, VERSION, CONFIG, and
COMMAND. Register reads and writes are only valid ifall 16 bits are transferred. Any write command that is
terminated early is ignored. The function of each regis-
ter is described as follows. All remaining address loca-
tions not listed in Table 1 are reserved. Data read from
reserved locations is undefined.
ADDRESS
(HEX)REGISTERDESCRIPTIONREAD/
WRITE
DEFAULT
(HEX)02h–03h VCELL Reports 12-bit A/D measurement of battery voltage. R —
04h–05h SOC Reports 16-bit SOC result calculated by ModelGauge algorithm. R —
06h–07h MODE Sends special commands to the IC. W —
08h–09h VERSION Returns IC version. R —
0Ch–0Dh CONFIG Battery compensation. Adjusts IC performance based on
application conditions. R/W 971Ch
FEh–FFh COMMAND Sends special commands to the IC. W —
Table 1. Register Summary
