MAX1683EUK+T ,Switched-Capacitor Voltage DoublersELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = +5.0V, capacitor values from Table 2, T = 0°C to +85°C, unless other ..
MAX1683EUK-T ,Switched-Capacitor Voltage DoublersELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = +5.0V, capacitor values from Table 2, T = 0°C to +85°C, unless other ..
MAX16840ATB , LED Driver with Integrated MOSFET for MR16 and Other 12V AC Input Lamps
MAX1684EEE ,Low-Noise / 14V Input / 1A / PWM Step-Down Convertersfeatures include a 100% duty cycle forOrdering Informationlow-dropout
MAX1684EEE ,Low-Noise / 14V Input / 1A / PWM Step-Down ConvertersFeaturesThe MAX1684/MAX1685 are high-efficiency, internal-' Up to 96% Efficiencyswitch, PWM step-do ..
MAX1684EEE ,Low-Noise / 14V Input / 1A / PWM Step-Down Convertersapplications, an auxiliary 3V/5mA output,and a 1% accurate reference. PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGEB ..
MAX4477AUA+ ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Ampsapplications that require low distortion and/or♦ 10MHz GBW Product, Unity-Gain Stablelow noise. (MA ..
MAX4477AUA+ ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)(V = +5V, V = 0V, V = 0V, V = V /2, R tied to V /2, SHDN = V ..
MAX4477AUA+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
MAX4478ASD+ ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsFeatures♦ Low Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√HzThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-band, ..
MAX4478ASD+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op AmpsFeatures♦ Low Input Voltage-Noise Density: 4.5nV/√HzThe MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489 wide-band, ..
MAX4478ASD+T ,SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion, Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps MAX4475–MAX4478/MAX4488/MAX4489SOT23, Low-Noise, Low-Distortion,Wide-Band, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps
MAX1682EUK+T-MAX1683EUK-MAX1683EUK+T
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers
General DescriptionThe ultra-small MAX1682/MAX1683 monolithic, CMOS
charge-pump voltage doublers accept input voltages
ranging from +2.0V to +5.5V. Their high voltage-con-
version efficiency (over 98%) and low operating current
(110µA for MAX1682) make these devices ideal for
both battery-powered and board-level voltage-doubler
applications.
Oscillator control circuitry and four power MOSFET
switches are included on-chip. The MAX1682 operates
at 12kHz, and the MAX1683 operates at 35kHz. A typi-
cal application includes generating a 6V supply to
power an LCD display in a hand-held PDA. Both parts
are available in a 5-pin SOT23 package and can deliver
30mA with a typical voltage drop of 600mV.
________________________ApplicationsSmall LCD Panels
Cell Phones
Handy-Terminals
PDAs
____________________________Features5-Pin SOT23 Package+2.0V to +5.5V Input Voltage Range98% Voltage-Conversion Efficiency110µA Quiescent Current (MAX1682)Requires Only Two CapacitorsUp to 45mA Output Current
MAX1682/MAX1683
Switched-Capacitor Voltage DoublersOUTC1-C1+GND
MAX1682
MAX1683
SOT23-5TOP VIEW
Pin Configuration
VOLTAGE DOUBLERC1+
C1-
OUT
GND
INPUT
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
2 x VIN
MAX1682
MAX1683
VIN
Typical Operating Circuit19-1305; Rev 3; 11/10
PART
MAX1682EUK+T-40°C to +85°C
TEMP
RANGE
PIN-
PACKAGE5 SOT23-5
Ordering Information
Note:These parts are available in tape-and-reel only. Minimum
order quantity is 2500 pieces.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
T = Tape and reel.
MAX1683EUK+T-40°C to +85°C5 SOT23-5
SOT
TOP MARKACCL
ACCM
MAX1682/MAX1683
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VIN= +5.0V, capacitor values from Table 2, TA= 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(VIN= +5.0V, capacitor values from Table 2, TA= -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 2:Once started, the MAX1682/MAX1683 typically operate down to 1V.
Note 3:Specifications at -40°C to +85°C are guaranteed by design.
IN to GND.................................................................+6V to -0.3V
OUT to GND.......................................................+12V, VIN- 0.3V
OUT Output Current............................................................50mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration.................................1sec (Note 1)
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
SOT23-5 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C)...................571mW
Operating Temperature Range
MAX1682EUK/MAX1683EUK...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec).............................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260°C
(Note 2)= +25°C= +25°C
IOUT= 0mA, TA= +25°C
CONDITIONS1Minimum Operating Voltage230310
110145No-Load Supply Current
8.41215.6kHz24.53545.5Oscillator Frequency9899.9Voltage Conversion Efficiency
UNITSMINTYPMAXPARAMETER
Note 1:Avoid shorting OUT to GND, as it may damage the device. For temperatures above +85°C, shorting OUT to GND even
instantaneously will damage the device.
MAX1682
MAX1683
RLOAD= 10kΩTA= +25°C= 0°C to +85°CV2.11.85.5
2.01.75.5Supply Voltage Range
MAX1682
MAX1683= +25°C= 0°C to +85°CIOUT= 5mA2050Ω65Output Resistance
IOUT= 0mA
IOUT= 5mA
MAX1683
MAX1682
RLOAD= 10kΩ
MAX1683
MAX1682
CONDITIONS97Voltage Conversion Efficiency65Output Resistance
kHz17.557.8Oscillator Frequency6.618.62.3 5.5Supply Voltage Range350
160No-Load Supply Current
UNITSMINTYPMAXPARAMETER
MAX1682/MAX1683
Switched-Capacitor Voltage DoublersOUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1682/83 TOC1
VIN (V)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (
MAX1683, C1 = C2 = 3.3μF
MAX1683, C1 = C2 = 10μF
MAX1682, C1 = C2 = 10μF
MAX1682 OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1682/83 TOC02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (
ILOAD = 5mA
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
MAX1683 OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1682/83 TOC03
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (
ILOAD = 5mA
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
MAX1682 OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. CAPACITANCE
MAX1682/83 TOC4
CAPACITANCE (μF)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (
VIN = 5VVIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
MAX1683
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX1682/83 TOC07
IOUT (mA)
RIPPLE
(mV)
C1 = C2 =1μF
C1 = C2 = 3.3μF
C1 = C2 = 10μF5101520253035
MAX1683 OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs. CAPITANCEMAX1682/83 TOC05
CAPACITANCE (μF)
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (
VIN = 2V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 5V
MAX1682
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
MAX1682/83 TOC06
IOUT (mA)
RIPPLE
(mV)
C1 = C2 = 3.3μF
C1 = C2 = 10μF
C1 = C2 = 33μF
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1682/83 TOC09
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (
MAX1683
MAX1682
Typical Operating Characteristics(Typical Operating Circuit, VIN= +5V, C1 = C2 = 10µF for the MAX1682 and 3.3µF for the MAX1683, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise
noted.)
MAX1682/MAX1683
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)(Typical Operating Circuit, VIN= +5V, C1 = C2 = 10µF for the MAX1682 and 3.3µF for the MAX1683, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise
noted.)
MAX1682 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1682/83 TOC10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
MAX1683 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1682/83 TOC11
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V1015205253035454050
MAX1682 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENTMAX1682/83 TOC12
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V1015205253035454050
MAX1683 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENTMAX1682/83 TOC13
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
20μs/div
VOUT
20mV/div
ILOAD = 5mA, VIN = 5V, C1 = C2 = 10μF
MAX1682
OUTPUT RIPPLEMAX1682toc16
MAX1682 EFFICIENCY vs.
LOAD CURRENT
MAX1682/83 TOC14
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3VVIN = 2V
MAX1683 EFFICIENCY vs.
LOAD CURRENT
MAX1682/83 TOC15
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 2V
MAX1683
OUTPUT RIPPLEMAX1682toc17
ILOAD = 5mA, VIN = 5V, C1 = 3.3μF, C2 = 10μF
20μs/div
VOUT
20mV/div
START-UP VOLTAGE
vs. RESISTIVE LOAD
MAX1682toc18
RLOAD (kΩ)
START
(V)
MAX1682
MAX1683
_______________Detailed DescriptionThe MAX1682/MAX1683 capacitive charge pumps
double the voltage applied to their input. Figure 1
shows a simplified functional diagram of an ideal volt-
age doubler. During the first half-cycle, switches S1
and S2 close, and capacitor C1 charges to VIN. During
the second half cycle, S1 and S2 open, S3 and S4
close, and C1 is level shifted upward by VINvolts. This
connects C1 to the reservoir capacitor C2, allowing
energy to be delivered to the output as necessary. The
actual voltage is slightly lower than 2 x VIN, since
switches S1–S4 have resistance and the load drains
charge from C2.
Charge-Pump OutputThe MAX1682/MAX1683 have a finite output resistance
of about 20Ω(Table 2). As the load current increases,
the devices’ output voltage (VOUT) droops. The droop
equals the current drawn from VOUTtimes the circuit’s
output impedance (RS), as follows:
VDROOP= IOUTx RS
VOUT= 2 x VIN- VDROOP
Efficiency ConsiderationsThe power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage
converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses
in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors,
and the conversion losses during charge transfer
between the capacitors. The total power loss is:
The internal losses are associated with the IC’s internal
functions, such as driving the switches, oscillator, etc.
These losses are affected by operating conditions such
as input voltage, temperature, and frequency.
The next two losses are associated with the voltage
converter circuit’s output resistance. Switch losses
occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET
switches in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses
occur because of their ESR. The relationship between
these losses and the output resistance is as follows:
where fOSCis the oscillator frequency. The first term is
the effective resistance from an ideal switched-
capacitor circuit (Figures 2a and 2b).RfxCRESR
ESR
PUMPCAPACITORLOSSESSWITCHLOSSES
OUTOUT
OUT
OSC
SWITCHESC
()++24
ΣPP
LOSSINTERNALLOSSES
PUMPCAPACITORLOSSES
CONVERSIONLOSSES
MAX1682/MAX1683
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers
_____________________Pin Description
NAMEFUNCTIONGNDGroundOUTDoubled Output Voltage. Connect C2
between OUT and GND.
PINC1-Negative Terminal of the Flying
CapacitorINInput SupplyC1+Positive Terminal of the Flying
Capacitor
Figure 2a. Switched-Capacitor ModelRL
VOUT
Figure 1. Simplified Functional Diagram of Ideal Voltage
VIN
VIN
VOUT
Figure 2b. Equivalent Circuit
REQUIV =
REQUIV
VOUT
f × C1C2
MAX1682/MAX1683Conversion losses occur during the charge transfer
between C1 and C2 when there is a voltage difference
between them. The power loss is:
where VRIPPLEis the peak-to-peak output voltage ripple
determined by the output capacitor and load current
(see Output Capacitorsection). Choose capacitor val-
ues that decrease the output resistance (see Flying
Capacitor section).
Applications Information
Flying Capacitor (C1)To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capaci-
tors with low ESR. Suitable capacitor manufacturers are
listed in Table 1. The charge-pump output resistance is
a function of C1 and C2’s ESR and the internal switch
resistance, as shown in the equation for ROUTin the
Efficiency Considerationssection.
Minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR mini-
mizes the total resistance. Suggested values are listed
in Tables 2 and 3.
Using a larger flying capacitor reduces the output
impedance and improves efficiency (see the Efficiency
Considerationssection). Above a certain point, increas-
ing C1’s capacitance has a negligible effect because
the output resistance becomes dominated by the inter-
nal switch resistance and capacitor ESR (see the
Output Resistance vs. Capacitance graph in the
Typical Operating Characteristics). Table 2 lists the
most desirable capacitor values—those that produce a
low output resistance. But when space is a constraint, it
may be necessary to sacrifice low output resistance for
the sake of small capacitor size. Table 3 demonstrates
how the capacitor affects output resistance.
Output Capacitor (C2)Increasing the output capacitance reduces the output
ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output
resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can
be used with light loads. Use the following equation to
calculate the peak-to-peak ripple:
VRIPPLE= IOUT/ (fOSCx C2) + 2 x IOUTx ESRC2
Input Bypass CapacitorBypass the incoming supply to reduce its AC imped-
ance and the impact of the MAX1682/MAX1683’s
switching noise. When loaded, the circuit draws a con-
tinuous current of 2 x IOUT. A 0.1µF bypass capacitor is
sufficient. /C1 4V VC2 2VV Vx f
CONVERSION LOSS12IN
OUT
12OUTRIPPLE2RIPPLEOSC⎛⎜⎞⎟+⎡⎢⎛⎜⎞⎟⎤⎥
Switched-Capacitor Voltage Doublers
Table 1. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers
Table 2. Suggested Capacitor Values for
Low Output Resistance
Table 3. Suggested Capacitor Values for
Minimum Size
MANUFACTURERAVX
PRODUCTION METHODSERIESTPS
PHONEFAXMatsuo267714-969-2491714-960-6492Surface-Mount Tantalum
Sprague593D, 595D603-224-1961603-224-1430
AVXX7R803-946-0590803-626-3123Surface-Mount CeramicMatsuoX7R714-969-2491714-960-6492
PARTFREQUENCY
(kHz)MAX168212
MAX168335
CAPACITOR
VALUE (µF)TYPICAL
ROUT(Ω)
PARTFREQUENCY
(kHz)
CAPACITOR
VALUE (µF)MAX1682123.3
TYPICAL
ROUT(Ω)MAX168335