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MAX16816ATJ+
Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
General DescriptionThe MAX16816 is a current-mode, high-brightness LED
(HB LED) driver designed to control two external n-channel
MOSFETs for single-string LED current regulation. The
MAX16816 integrates all the building blocks necessary to
implement fixed-frequency HB LED drivers with wide-range
dimming control and EEPROM-programmable LED current
binning with a factor of up to 1.6. This device is configurable
to operate as a step-down (buck), step-up (boost), or step-up/
step-down (buck-boost) current regulator.
Current-mode control with adjustable leading-edge
blanking simplifies control-loop design. Adjustable slope
compensation stabilizes the current loop when operating
at duty cycles above 50%. The MAX16816 operates over
a wide input voltage range and is capable of withstand-
ing load-dump events. Multiple MAX16816 devices can
be synchronized to each other or to an external clock.
The MAX16816 includes a floating dimming driver for
brightness control with an external n-channel MOSFET in
series with the LED string.
HB LEDs using the MAX16816 can achieve efficiencies of
over 90%. The MAX16816 also includes a 1.4A source and
2A sink gate driver for driving switching MOSFETs in high-
power LED driver applications, such as front light assem-
blies. Dimming control allows for wide PWM dimming
range at frequencies up to 5kHz. Higher dimming ratios (up
to 1000:1) are achievable at lower dimming frequencies.
The MAX16816 provides user-programmable
features through on-chip nonvolatile EEPROM registers.
Adjustable features include a programmable soft-start,
LED current (binning), external MOSFET gate driver
supply voltage, slope compensation, leading-edge blank-
ing time, and disabling/enabling of the RT oscillator.
The MAX16816 is available in a 32-pin TQFN package
with exposed pad and operates over the -40°C to +125°C
automotive temperature range.
Applications●General Illumination●Navigation and Marine Indicators●Neon Replacement, Emergency Lighting●Signage and Beacons
Features●EEPROM-Programmable LED Current Binning●Wide Input Range: 5.9V to 76V with Cold-Start
Operation to 5.4V●Integrated Floating Differential LED Current-Sense
Amplifier●Floating Dimming Driver Capable of Driving an
n-Channel MOSFET●5% or Better LED Current Accuracy●Multiple Topologies: Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, SEPIC●Resistor-Programmable Switching Frequency (125kHz
to 500kHz) and Synchronization Capability●200Hz On-Board Ramp Allows Analog-Controlled
PWM Dimming and External PWM Dimming●Output Overvoltage, Overcurrent, and LED Short
Protection●Enable/Shutdown Input with Shutdown Current Below 45μA
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.Typical Operating Circuits continued at end of data sheet.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
**EP = Exposed pad.
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-
PACKAGE
PKG
CODEMAX16816ATJ+-40°C to +125°C32 TQFN-EP*T3255M-4
VIN
DIM
RCS
CREG1
RUV2
DRV
DRI
REG1
DIM
FAULT
VCC
SNS+
QGND
RTSYNC
CS-CS+LO
COMPREG2
DGT
UVEN
SNS-
AGND
RSENSE
ROV1
ROV2
CLMP
SGND
CCLMP
CREG2R1
LEDs
BUCK-BOOST CONFIGURATIONRUV1
CUVEN
MAX16816
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Typical Operating Circuits
Ordering Information
EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
VCC, HI, LO, CLMP to QGND ...............................-0.3V to +80V
CS+, CS-, DGT, UVEN, FAULT to QGND .............-0.3V to +80V
UVEN to QGND ........................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
DRV to SGND .......................................................-0.3V to +18V
DRI, REG2, DIM to AGND ....................................-0.3V to +18V
QGND, SGND to AGND .......................................-0.3V to +0.3V
SNS+ to SNS- .........................................................-0.3V to +6V
CS, FB, COMP, SNS+, SNS-, OV, REF,RTSYNC to AGND ...............................................-0.3V to +6V
REG1, CLKOUT to AGND .......................................-0.3V to +6V
CS+ to CS- ............................................................-0.3V to +12V
HI to LO .................................................................-0.3V to +36V
CS+, CS-, DGT, CLMP to LO ................................-0.3V to +12V
CS+, CS-, DGT, CLMP to LO .......................-0.3V to (HI + 0.3V)
HI to CLMP ............................................................-0.3V to +28V
Continuous Power Dissipation* (TA = +70°C)32-Pin TQFN (derate 34.5mW/°C above +70°C) ......2758mW
Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C
Maximum Junction Temperature .....................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-60°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
*As per JEDEC 51 standard, Multilayer Board (PCB).
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSInput Voltage RangeVCC5.576V
Supply Current to VCCIQ_VCCExclude current to the gate driver, IREG22.74.5mA
Supply Current to HIIQ_HIVHI = 14V0.51.0mA
Shutdown Current to VCCISHDN_VCCVUVEN ≤ 300mV2545µA
Shutdown Current to HIISHDN_HIVUVEN ≤ 300mV110µA
UVENVCC UVLO Threshold
VCC_RVCC rising5.56.0VCC_FVCC falling5.05.5
VCC Threshold HysteresisVCC_HYS0.4V
UVEN ThresholdVUVRVUVEN rising1.101.2441.36V
VUVFVUVEN falling1.001.1451.26
UVEN Input CurrentIUVEN(VUVEN = 0V and VCC = 14V) (VUVEN = 76V
and VCC = 77V)-0.2+0.2µA
REGULATORSREG1 Regulator OutputVREG10 < IREG1 < 2mA, 7.5V < VCC < 76V4.755.005.25V
IREG1 = 2mA, VCC = 5.7V4.004.505.25
REG1 Dropout Voltage IREG1 = 2mA (Note 1)0.51.0V
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Absolute Maximum RatingsStresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Electrical Characteristics Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) ............29°C/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC) ................1.7°C/W
Package Thermal Characteristics (Note 1)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSREG2 Dropout VoltageVCC ≥ 9.5V, REG2 control register is ‘0011’,
IREG2 = 20mA (Note 1)0.51.0V
REG2 Load RegulationΔV/ΔIVCC ≥ 9.5V, REG2 control register is ‘0011’,
IREG2 = 0 to 20mA25Ω
REG2 Regulation Voltage
REG2 control register is ‘0000’,
VCC ≥ 7.5V, IREG2 = 1mA4.7555.25
REG2 control register is ‘0011’,
VCC ≥ 9.5V, IREG2 = 1mA6.657.07.35
REG2 control register is ‘1111’,
VCC ≥ 17.5V, IREG2 = 1mA13.51516.5
REG2 control register is ‘0000’,
VCC = 5.7V, 0 ≤ IREG2 ≤ 20mA44.55.25
REG2 control register is ‘0000’,
VCC = 7.5V, 0 ≤ IREG2 ≤ 20mA4.7555.25
REG2 control register is ‘1111’,
VCC = 17.5V, 0 ≤ IREG2 ≤ 20mA13.51516.5
HIGH-SIDE REGULATOR (CLMP) (All voltages referred to VLO) (Note 3)CLMP UVLO ThresholdVCLMP_THVCLMP rising2.02.53.0V
CLMP UVLO Threshold
HysteresisVCLMP_HYS0.22V
CLMP Regulator Output
VoltageVCLMP8.7V ≤ (VHI - VLO) ≤ 36V, ICLMP = 1mA5.58.010.05.0V ≤ (VHI - VLO) ≤ 8.7V, ICLMP = 250µA(VHI - VLO) - 0.7
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER (CSA)Differential Input Voltage
RangeVCS+ - VCS-00.3V
Common-Mode RangeVCC ≤ 68V0VCCV
CS+ Input Bias CurrentICS+VCS+ = 0.3V, VCS- = 0V-250+250nA
CS- Input Bias CurrentICS-VCS+ = 0.3V, VCS- = 0V400µA
Unity-Gain BandwidthFrom (CS+ to CS-) to CS1.0MHz
REF OUTPUT BUFFERREF Output VoltageVREF-100µA ≤ IL ≤ +100µA2.853.03.15V
DIM DRIVERMinimal Pulse WidthfDIM = 200Hz (Note 4)2040µs
Source Current
VCLMP - VLO = 4V520VCLMP - VLO = 8V 3067
Sink CurrentVCLMP - VLO = 4V1022mA
VCLMP - VLO = 8V4076
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
GATE DRIVERDRI Voltage Range VDRIVCC ≥ 2.5V above VDRI515V
DRI UVLO ThresholdVUVLO_TH4.04.24.4V
DRI UVLO Threshold HysteresisVUVLO_HYST0.3V
Driver Output ImpedanceZOUT_LVDRI = 7.0V, DRV sinking 250mA2.84Ω
ZOUT_HVDRI = 7.0V, DRV sourcing 250mA5.08
Peak Sink CurrentISKVDRI = 7.0V2.5A
Peak Source CurrentISRVDRI = 7.0V1.4A
PWM, ILIM, AND HICCUP COMPARATORPWM Comparator Offset VoltageVCOMP - (VSNS+ -VSNS-)0.8V
Peak Current-Limit Comparator
Trip Threshold160200245mV
Peak Current-Limit Comparator
Propagation Delay (Excluding
Blanking Time)
50mV overdrive40ns
HICCUP Comparator Trip
Threshold235300385mV
SNS+ Input Bias CurrentVSNS+ = 0V, VSNS- = 0V-100-65µA
SNS- Input Bias CurrentVSNS+ = 0V, VSNS- = 0V-100-65µA
BLANKING TIMEBlanking Time
Blanking Time Control Register is ‘00’150Blanking Time Control Register is ‘01’125
Blanking Time Control Register is ‘10’100
Blanking Time Control Register is ‘11’75
ERROR AMPLIFIERFB Input Bias CurrentVFB = 1V-100+100nA
EAMP Output Sink CurrentVFB = 1.735V, VCOMP = 1V37mA
EAMP Output Source CurrentVFB = 0.735V, VCOMP = 1V27mA
EAMP Input Common-Mode
VoltageVCOM(Note 5)01.6V
EAMP Output Clamp Voltage1.32.02.7V
Voltage GainAVRCOMP = 100kΩ to AGND80dB
Unity-Gain Bandwidth GBWRCOMP = 100kΩ to AGND,
CCOMP = 100pF to AGND0.5MHz
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
OSCILLATOR, OSC SYNC, CLK, AND CLKOUTSYNC Frequency Range
fSW_MIN125
kHz
fSW_MAX500
RTSYNC Oscillator FrequencyRTOF bit set to ‘0’, RT = 100kΩ106125143kHzRTOF bit set to ‘0’, RT = 25kΩ475500525
SYNC High-Level VoltageVSIHL2.8V
SYNC Low-Level VoltageVSILL0.4V
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSCLKOUT High LevelISINK = 0.8mA2.8V
CLKOUT Low LevelISOURCE = 1.6mA0.4V
CLKOUT Maximum Load
CapacitanceCCLK_CAPfSW = 500kHz500pF
DIM SYNC, DIM RAMP, AND DIM PWM GENInternal RAMP FrequencyfRAMP160200240Hz
External Sync Frequency
RangefDIM802000Hz
External Sync Low-Level
VoltageVLTH0.4V
External Sync High-Level
VoltageVHTH3.2V
DIM Comparator OffsetVDIMOS170200300mV
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
DIGITAL SOFT-START AND BINNINGSoft-Start DurationtSS
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘000’4096
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘001’2048
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘010’1536
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘011’1024
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘100’768
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘101’512
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘110’256
Digital Soft-Start Duration register is ‘111’0
Binning Range
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0000’100.00
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0001’106.67
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0010’113.33
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0011’120.00
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0100’126.67
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0101’133.33
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0110’140.00
Binning Adjustment register is ‘0111’146.67
Binning Adjustment register is ‘1000’153.33
Binning Adjustment register is ‘1001’160.00
Binning Adjustment register is ‘1010’166.67
OVERVOLTAGE COMPARATOR, LOAD OVERCURRENT COMPARATOROVP Overvoltage
Comparator ThresholdVOVVOV rising1.201.2351.27V
OVP Overvoltage
Comparator HysteresisVOV_HYST63.5mV
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
SLOPE COMPENSATIONSlope Compensation Peak-
to-Peak Voltage Per Cycle
Slope Compensation register is ‘0000’,
clock generated by RT0
mV/
cycle
Slope Compensation register is ‘0001’,
clock generated by RT20
Slope Compensation register is ‘0010’,
clock generated by RT40
Slope Compensation register is ‘0011’,
clock generated by RT60
Slope Compensation register is ‘0100’,
clock generated by RT80
Slope Compensation register is ‘0101’,
clock generated by RT100
Slope Compensation register is ‘0110’,
clock generated by RT120
Slope Compensation register is ‘0111’,
clock generated by RT140
Slope Compensation register is ‘1000’,
clock generated by RT160
Slope Compensation register is ‘1001’,
clock generated by RT180
Slope Compensation register is ‘1010’,
clock generated by RT200
Slope Compensation register is ‘1011’,
clock generated by RT220
Slope Compensation register is ‘1100’,
clock generated by RT240
Slope Compensation register is ‘1101’,
clock generated by RT260
Slope Compensation register is ‘1110’,
clock generated by RT280
Slope Compensation register is ‘1111’,
clock generated by RT300
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITSSlope Compensation
Slope Compensation register is ‘0000’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC0
mV/µs
Slope Compensation register is ‘0001’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC2
Slope Compensation register is ‘0010’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC4
Slope Compensation register is ‘0011’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC6
Slope Compensation register is ‘0100’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC8
Slope Compensation register is ‘0101’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC10
Slope Compensation register is ‘0110’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC12
Slope Compensation register is ‘0111’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC14
Slope Compensation register is ‘1000’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC16
Slope Compensation register is ‘1001’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC18
Slope Compensation register is ‘1010’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC20
Slope Compensation register is ‘1011’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC22
Slope Compensation register is ‘1100’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC24
Slope Compensation register is ‘1101’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC26
Slope Compensation register is ‘1110’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC28
Slope Compensation register is ‘1111’,
external clock applied to RTSYNC30
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
Electrical Characteristics – 1-Wire® System
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
I/O GENERAL DATA1-Wire Time Slot Duration tSLOT65µs
Recovery TimetREC(Note 7)5µs
I/O, 1-Wire RESET, PRESENCE DETECT CYCLEReset Low TimetRSTL480640µs
Presence Detect Sample Time tMSP6575µs
I/O, 1-Wire WRITE Write-0 Low TimetW0L60µs
Write-1 Low TimetW1L515µs
I/O, 1-Wire READ Read Low Time tRL510µs
Read Sample TimetMSR1215µs
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
FAULT I/OFAULT Leakage Current5.5V < VFAULT < 76V-1+1µA
FAULT Input Low CurrentVFAULT = 0V500µA
FAULT Pulldown CurrentVFAULT = 2V0.71.21.8mA
FAULT Pulldown Input
Logic-LowVIL0.4V
FAULT Output Logic-HighSourcing 10µA2.8V
FAULT Output Logic-LowSinking 10µA0.4V
Programming Slot at Power-VUVEN > 1.244V and VCC > 5.9V (Note 4)6.48.0ms
THERMAL SHUTDOWNThermal Shutdown
TemperatureTJ_SHDN+165°C
Thermal Shutdown
HysteresisΔTJ_SHDN20°C
EEPROMData RetentiontDRTA = +125°C (Note 5)10years
EEPROM Write TimetWRA(Note 5)14ms
EnduranceTA = +85°C, read and write (Note 5)50kcycles
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 1μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RT = 25kΩ, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Typical specifications are at TA = +25°C.)
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Note 2: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential voltage at which the output voltage drops 100mV below its nominal
value measured at output.
Note 3: VCLMP_TH determines the voltage necessary to operate the current-sense amplifier. The DIM driver requires 2.5V for (VCLMP
- VLO) to drive a FET. VHI is typically one diode drop above VCLMP. A large capacitor connected to VCLMP slows the response of the LED current-sense circuitry, resulting in current overshoot. To ensure proper operation, connect a 0.1μF capacitor from
CLMP to LO.
Note 4: Minimum pulse width required to guarantee proper dimming operation.
Note 5: FAULT multiplexes a programming interface and fault-indication functionality. At power-up initialization, an internal timer
enables FAULT and two programming passcodes must be entered within the programming slot to enter programming mode.
If the programming passcodes are not received correctly within the programming slot, FAULT goes back towards fault indica-
tion. Cycling power to the device is required to re-attempt entry into programming mode.
Note 6: Not production tested. Guaranteed by design.
Note 7: Recovery time is the time required for FAULT to be pulled high by the internal 10kΩ resistor.
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 10μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RCS = 0.1Ω, Binning adjustment register is ‘0000’, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
OPERATING CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc02
TEMPERATURE (°C)
ICC
(mA)
DGT AND DRV
NOT SWITCHING
OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc03
TEMPERATURE (°C)
LED CURRENT (mA)
RCS = 0.2Ω
RCS = 0.3Ω
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc01
TEMPERATURE (°C)
ISHDN_VCC
(µA)
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 10μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RCS = 0.1Ω, Binning adjustment register is ‘0000’, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. BINNING CODESMAX16816 toc05
BIN (DIGITAL CODE)
LED CURRENT (A)7562341
OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. BINNING CODES
MAX16816 toc06
BIN (DIGITAL CODE)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)7562341
RCS = 0.2Ω
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc07
TEMPERATURE (°C)
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
IREG2 = 20mA
REG2 CONTROL REGISTER = '1111',
VCC = 20V
REG2 CONTROL REGISTER = '0000'
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGEMAX16816 toc08
VCC (V)
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)64485616243240880
IREG2 = 20mA
REG2 CONTROL REGISTER =
'1111', VCC = 20V
REG2 CONTROL REGISTER = '0000'
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. REG2 CONTROL REGISTERMAX16816 toc09
DRPS (DIGITAL CODE)
REG2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)1210113456789121415
IREG2 = 20mA
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc10
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
IREG1 = 2mA
OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGEMAX16816 toc04
VCC (V)
LED CURRENT (mA)645648403224168
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX16816 toc11
REG1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)60504030201080
IREG1 = 2mA
CLMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc12
CLMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VHI - VLO = 9V
CLMP VOLTAGE = VCLMP - VLO
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = VUVEN = 14V, CREG1 = 1μF, CREG2 = 10μF, CCLMP = 0.1μF, RCS = 0.1Ω, Binning adjustment register is ‘0000’, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
REF VOLTAGE
vs. SINK CURRENTMAX16816 toc14
IREF (µA)
REF VOLTAGE (V)
PWM OSCILLATION FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX16816 toc15
TEMPERATURE (°C)
PWM FREQUENCY (kHz)
RT = 100kΩ
RT RESISTANCE
vs. PWM FREQUENCYMAX16816 toc16
1/RT RESISTANCE (kΩ-1)
PWM FREQUENCY (kHz)
200Hz DIMMING OPERATION
MAX16816 toc17
2ms/div
10%
DIMMING
1A/div
50%
DIMMING
1A/div
90%
DIMMING
1A/div
LED CURRENT DUTY CYCLE
vs. DIM VOLTAGEMAX16816 toc18
DIM VOLTAGE (V)
LED CURRENT DUTY CYCLE (%)1
DRIVER DRV RISE TIME
vs. DRI VOLTAGE
MAX16816 toc19
DRV RISE TIME (ns)119715
5nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED
FROM DRV TO AGND
DRIVER DRI FALL TIME
vs. DRI VOLTAGEMAX16816 toc20
DRV FALL TIME (ns)119715
5nF CAPACITOR CONNECTED
FROM DRV TO AGND
REF VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATUREMAX16816 toc13
TEMPERATURE (°C)
REF VOLTAGE (V)
IREF = 100µA
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
PINNAMEFUNCTION1, 24N.C.No Connection. Not internally connected.UVEN
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Threshold/Enable Input. UVEN is a dual-function adjustable UVLO threshold
input with an enable feature. Connect UVEN to VCC through a resistive voltage-divider to program the UVLO
threshold. Connect UVEN directly to VCC to use the 5.9V (max) default UVLO threshold. Apply a voltage
greater than 1.244V to UVEN to enable the device.REG1
5V Regulator Output. REG1 is an internal low-dropout voltage regulator that generates a 5V (VCC > 6V)
output voltage and supplies power to internal circuitry. Bypass REG1 to AGND through a 1µF ceramic
capacitor.AGNDAnalog Ground. Use proper single-point ground design and decoupling to avoid ground impedance loop
errors.REFAccurate 3V Buffered Reference Output. Connect REF to DIM through a resistive voltage-divider to apply a
DC voltage for analog-controlled dimming functionality. Leave REF unconnected if unused.DIM
Dimming Control Input. Connect DIM to an external PWM signal for PWM dimming. For analog-controlled
dimming, connect DIM to REF through a resistive voltage-divider. The dimming frequency is 200Hz under
these conditions. Connect DIM to AGND to turn off the LEDs.RTSYNC
Sync Input/Output. The internal PWM clock is selectable through the RTOF EEPROM bit. Connect an external resistor to RTSYNC and set the RTOF register to ‘0’ to select a clock frequency between 125kHz and 500kHz. Set RTOF register to ‘0’ and connect RTSYNC to an external clock to synchronize the device with external clock. Set RTOF register to ‘1’ to use the ixed 125kHz oscillator. Under these conditions,
RTSYNC is powered off and may be left in any state. See the Oscillator, Clock, and Synchronization section.CLKOUTClock Output. CLKOUT buffers the oscillator/clock. Connect CLKOUT to the SYNC input of another deviceto operate the MAX16816 in a multichannel coniguration. CLKOUT is a logic output.
9, 10, 11I.C.Internally Connected. Must be connected to AGND.COMPError-Ampliier Output. Connect the compensation network from COMP to FB for stable closed-loop control.
Use low-leakage ceramic capacitors in the feedback network.CS
Current-Sense Voltage Output. CS outputs a voltage proportional to the current sensed through the current-sense ampliier. Connect CS through a passive network to FB as dictated by the chosen compensation
scheme. FBError-Ampliier Inverting InputOV
Overvoltage Protection Input. Connect OV to HI through a resistive voltage-divider to set the overvoltage limit
for the load. When the voltage at OV exceeds the 1.235V (typ) threshold, an overvoltage fault is generated
and the switching MOSFET turns off. The MOSFET is turned on again when the voltage at OV drops below
1.17V (typ).
16, 17SGNDSwitching Ground. SGND is the ground for non-analog and high-current gate-driver circuitry.DRVGate-Driver Output. Connect DRV through a series resistor to the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET to
reduce EMI. DRV can sink 1A or source 0.5A. DRIGate-Driver Supply Input. Connect DRI to REG2 to power the primary switching MOSFET driver.SNS+Positive Peak Current-Sense Input. Connect SNS+ to the positive side of the switch current-sense resistor,
RSENSE.
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTIONSNS-Negative Peak Current-Sense Input. Connect SNS- to the negative side of the switch current-sense resistor,
RSENSE.QGNDAnalog Ground. Ensure a low-impedance connection between QGND and AGND.DGTDimming Gate-Driver Output. Connect DGT to the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET for dimming. DGT
is powered by the internal regulator, CLAMP, and is referenced to LO. LO
Low-Voltage Input. LO is the return point for the LED current. When using the MAX16816 in a buck-boost coniguration, connect LO to VCC. When using the device in a boost coniguration only, connect LO to
AGND. Connect LO to the junction of the inductor and LED current-sense resistor, RCS, when using a buck coniguration.CS+Noninverting Current-Sense Ampliier Input. Connect CS+ to the positive side of an external sense resistor,
RCS, connected in series with the load (LEDs). CS-Inverting Current-Sense Ampliier Input. Connect CS- to the negative side of an external sense resistor, RCS,
connected in series with the load (LEDs).CLMP
Internal CLAMP Regulator Bypass. CLAMP supplies an 8V (typ) output when VHI ≥ 9V. If VHI is lower
than 9V, VCLMP is one diode drop below VHI. The CLAMP regulator powers the current-sense ampliier
and provides the high reference for the dimming driver. VCLMP must be at least 2.5V higher than VLO to enable the current-sense ampliier and dimming MOSFET driver. Bypass CLMP to LO with a 0.1µF ceramic
capacitor.HIHigh-Voltage Input. HI is referred to LO. HI supplies power to the current-sense ampliier and dimming
MOSFET gate driver through the CLMP regulator.REG2
Internal Regulator Output. REG2 is an internal voltage regulator that generates EEPROM-programmable
(5V to 15V) output and supplies power to internal circuitry. Connect REG2 to DRI to power the switching
MOSFET driver during normal operation. Bypass REG2 to AGND with a 10µF ceramic capacitor. VCCSupply Voltage InputFAULT
FAULT Input/Output. FAULT is a bidirectional high-voltage logic input/output. FAULT multiplexes a 1-Wire programming interface with a fault indicator. FAULT is internally pulled up to 5V through a 10kΩ resistor and
a 1.8mA (max) current pulldown to ground.EPExposed Pad. Connect EP to AGND. EP also functions as a heatsink to maximize thermal dissipation. Do not
use as the main ground connection.
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Pin Description (continued)
Functional DiagramBLANKING
TIME200Hz
SGND
15V
REG2
COMP
UVLO
AND
DGT
DRIVER
UVEN
DIM
DRV
SNS-
PWM
EAMP
COMP
OVPVCC
REG1
POR
REF
VOV
VBUF
DDR
QGND
REG1
DRI
FAULT
CLAMP
D-I
SOFT-START
D-I
ILIM200mV
HIC300mVAGND200mV
SLOPE
CS-CS+
CSA
REG2
SNS+
CLMP
3.0V
RLS
UGB
CMP1.3 x VSS
OSC
RTSYNC
CLKOUT
OSC
CONTROL
BLOCK
SLOPE
COMP
1-Wire
INTERFACE
SLOPE
VCLMP
VCLMP
VLO
VLO
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
VSS+
800mV+-
MAX16816REG2 DRIVER
D-I
D-I
D-IBLANKING
D-I
0.926V
BINNING
INDICATES A USER-PROGRAMMABLE EEPROM FEATURE
BINNING
REG2 DRIVER
TRIM REGISTERS
BLANKING
SLOPE COMP
SOFT-START
RTOSCSEL
D-I
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
Detailed DescriptionThe MAX16816 is a current-mode PWM LED driver for
use in driving HB LEDs. An output current accuracy of
5% is achievable using two current-regulation loops: one
current-regulation loop controls the external switching
MOSFET peak current through a sense resistor (RSENSE)
from SNS+ to SNS- while the other current-regulation loop
controls the average LED string current through the sense
resistor, RCS, in series with the LEDs.
The MAX16816 provides LED binning through one
programmable on-chip nonvolatile EEPROM. The LED
current can be scaled up to a factor of 1.6. This feature is
used to offset factory LED luminance variations and allows
the system to achieve overall luminance accuracy.
A programmable undervoltage lockout (UVEN) ensures
predictable operation during brownout conditions. The
UVEN input circuitry monitors the supply voltage (VCC)
and turns the driver off when VCC drops below the UVLO
threshold. Connect UVEN to VCC to use the 5.7V (typ)
default UVLO threshold. The MAX16816 includes a cycle-
by-cycle current limit that turns off the gate drive to the
external switching MOSFET (QS) during an overcurrent
condition and a programmable oscillator that simplifies
and optimizes the design of external magnetics.
The MAX16816 is capable of synchronizing to an external
clock or operating in a stand-alone mode. A single resistor
(RT) can be used to adjust the switching frequency from
125kHz to 500kHz for stand-alone operation. To synchro-
nize the device with an external clock, apply a clock signal
directly to the RTSYNC input. A buffered clock output,
CLKOUT, is available to configure the MAX16816 for mul-
tichannel applications.
The external RT oscillator can be disabled by setting EEPROM register RTOF to ‘1’. The MAX16816 provides
wide contrast pulsed dimming (up to 1000:1) utilizing a
separate dimming input. Apply either a DC level voltage or
low-frequency PWM signal to the dimming input. DC level
input results in a 200Hz fixed dimming frequency.
The MAX16816 provides configurable on-chip nonvolatile
EEPROM features including a programmable soft-start,
load current, external MOSFET gate-driver supply voltage,
blanking time, and slope compensation.
Protection features include peak current limiting, HICCUP
mode current limiting, output overvoltage protection, short-
circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. The HICCUP
current-limit circuitry reduces the power delivered to the
load during severe fault conditions. A nonlatching overvolt-
age protection limits the voltage on the external switching
string. During continuous operation at high input voltages,
the power dissipation of the MAX16816 could exceed
the maximum rating and the internal thermal shutdown
circuitry safely turns off the MAX16816 when the device
junction temperature exceeds +165°C. When the junction
temperature drops below the hysteresis temperature, the
MAX16816 automatically reinitiates startup.
Undervoltage Lockout/Enable (UVEN)The MAX16816 features a dual-purpose adjustable under-
voltage lockout input and enable function (UVEN). Connect
UVEN to VCC through a resistive voltage-divider to set
the undervoltage-lockout (UVLO) threshold. The device is
enabled when the voltage at UVEN exceeds the 1.244V
(typ) threshold. Drive UVEN to ground to disable the output.
Setting the UVLO ThresholdConnect UVEN directly to VCC to select the default 5.7V
(typ) UVLO threshold. Connect UVEN to VCC through
a resistive voltage-divider to select a UVLO threshold
(Figure 1). Select the desired UVLO threshold voltage,
VUVLO, and calculate resistor values using the following
equation:
UVENUV1UV2UVLOUVENRRx V - V=
where RUV1 + RUV2 ≤ 270kΩ. VUVEN is the 1.244V (typ)
UVEN threshold voltage.
The capacitor CUVEN is required to prevent chattering at
the UVLO threshold due to line impedance drops during
power-up and dimming. If the undervoltage setting is very
close to the required minimum operating voltage, there can
MAX16816VCC
UVEN
QGND
RUV2
RUV1CUVEN
VIN
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
be large jumps in the voltage at VCC during dimming, which
may cause the MAX16816 to turn on and off when the
dimming signal transitions from low to high. The capacitor
CUVEN should be large enough to limit the ripple on UVEN
to less than the 100mV (min) UVEN hysteresis so that the
device does not turn off under these circumstances.
Soft-StartThe MAX16816 features a digitally programmable soft-start
delay that allows the load current to ramp up in a controlled
manner, minimizing output overshoot. Soft-start begins
once the device is enabled and VCC exceeds the UVLO
threshold. Soft-start circuitry slowly increases the internal
soft-start voltage (VSS), resulting in a controlled rise of
the load current. Signals applied to DIM are ignored until
the soft-start duration is complete and a successive delay of 200μs has elapsed. Use the Digital Soft-Start Duration
register in the EEPROM to select a soft-start duration
from 0 (no delay) to 4.096ms. See the EEPROM and
Programming section for more information on using the
Digital Soft-Start Duration register.
Regulators (REG1, REG2, CLAMP)The MAX16816 includes a fixed 5V voltage regulator, REG1;
an EEPROM-adjustable regulator, REG2; and an internal
8V regulator, CLAMP. REG1 and REG2 power up when
VCC exceeds the UVLO threshold. REG1 supplies power to
internal circuitry and remains on during PWM dimming.
REG1 is capable of driving external loads up to 2mA.
Use the REG2 Control Register in the EEPROM to select
an output voltage from 5V to 15V for REG2. Connect
REG2 to DRI to generate the supply voltage for the
primary switching MOSFET driver, DRV. REG2 is capable
of delivering up to 20mA of current. See the EEPROM and
Programming section for more information on configuring
the REG2 output voltage.
CLAMP is powered by HI and supplies power to the
current-sense amplifier (CSA). CSA is enabled when
VCLMP goes 2.5V above VLO and is disabled when
(VCLMP - VLO) falls below 2.28V. The CLAMP regulator
also provides power to the dimming MOSFET control
circuitry. CLMP is the output of the CLAMP regulator. Do
not use CLMP to power external circuitry. Bypass CLMP to LO with a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor. A larger capacitor
will result in overshoot of the load current.
Reference Voltage Output (REF)The MAX16816 includes a 5% accurate, 3V (typ) buffered
reference output, REF. REF is a push-pull output capable of sourcing/sinking up to 200μA of current and can drive
to DIM through a resistive voltage-divider to supply an
analog signal for dimming. See the Dimming Input (DIM)
section for more information.
Dimming MOSFET Driver (DDR)The MAX16816 requires an external n-channel MOSFET
for PWM dimming. Connect the MOSFET to the output of
the DDR dimming driver (DGT) for normal operation. VDGT
swings between VLO and VCLMP. The DDR dimming driver
is capable of sinking or sourcing up to 20mA of current. The
average current required to drive the dimming MOSFET
(IDRIVE_DIM) depends on the MOSFET’s total gate charge
(QG_DIM) and the dimming frequency of the converter,
fDIM. Use the following equation to calculate the supply
current for the n-channel dimming FET driver.
IDRIVE_DIM = QG_DIM x fDIM
n-Channel MOSFET Switch Driver (DRV)The MAX16816 drives an external n-channel MOSFET
for switching. Use an external supply or connect REG2
to DRI to power the MOSFET driver. The driver output,
VDRV, swings between ground and VDRI. Ensure that
VDRI remains below the absolute maximum VGS rating
of the external MOSFET. DRV is capable of sinking 2A
or sourcing 1.4A of peak current, allowing the MAX16816
to switch MOSFETs in high-power applications. The
average current sourced to drive the external MOSFET
depends on the total gate charge (QG) and operating
frequency of the converter (fSW). The power dissipation
in the MAX16816 is a function of the average output drive
current (IDRIVE). Use the following equations to calculate
the power dissipation in the gate-driver section of the
MAX16816 due to IDRIVE:
IDRIVE = QG x fSW
PD = IDRIVE x VDRI
where VDRI is the supply voltage to the gate driver.
Dimming Input (DIM)The dimming input, DIM, functions with either analog or
PWM control signals. Once the internal pulse detector
detects three successive edges of a PWM signal with
a frequency between 80Hz and 2kHz, the MAX16816
synchronizes to the external signal and pulse-width
modulates the LED current at the external DIM input
frequency with the same duty cycle as the DIM input.
If an analog control signal is applied to DIM, the MAX16816
compares the DC input to an internally generated 200Hz
ramp to pulse-width modulate the LED current (fDIM =
200Hz). The output current duty cycle is linearly adjust-
MAX16816Programmable Switch-Mode LED Driver
with Analog-Controlled PWM Dimming
