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ADSP-2184LBST-160
16-bit, 40 MIPS, 3.3v, 2 Serial Ports, Host Port, 20KB RAM
REV.0
DSP Microcomputer
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
FEATURES
PERFORMANCE
25 ns Instruction Cycle Time 40 MIPS Sustained
Performance
Single-Cycle Instruction Execution
Single-Cycle Context Switch
3-Bus Architecture Allows Dual Operand Fetches in
Every Instruction Cycle
Multifunction Instructions
Power-Down Mode Featuring Low CMOS Standby
Power Dissipation with 400 Cycle Recovery from
Power-Down Condition
Low Power Dissipation in Idle Mode
INTEGRATION
ADSP-2100 Family Code Compatible, with Instruction
Set Extensions
20K Bytes of On-Chip RAM, Configured as
4K Words On-Chip Program Memory RAM and
4K Words On-Chip Data Memory RAM
Dual Purpose Program Memory for Both Instruction
and Data Storage
Independent ALU, Multiplier/Accumulator and Barrel
Shifter Computational Units
Two Independent Data Address Generators
Powerful Program Sequencer Provides
Zero Overhead Looping Conditional Instruction
Execution
Programmable 16-Bit Interval Timer with Prescaler
100-Lead LQFP
SYSTEM INTERFACE
16-Bit Internal DMA Port for High Speed Access to
On-Chip Memory (Mode Selectable)
4 MByte Byte Memory Interface for Storage of Data
Tables and Program Overlays
8-Bit DMA to Byte Memory for Transparent Program
and Data Memory Transfers (Mode Selectable)
I/O Memory Interface with 2048 Locations Supports
Parallel Peripherals (Mode Selectable)
Programmable Memory Strobe and Separate I/O Memory
Space Permits “Glueless” System Design
(Mode Selectable)
Programmable Wait State Generation
Two Double-Buffered Serial Ports with Companding
Hardware and Automatic Data Buffering
Automatic Booting of On-Chip Program Memory from
Byte-Wide External Memory, e.g., EPROM, or
Through Internal DMA Port
Six External Interrupts
13 Programmable Flag Pins Provide Flexible System
Signaling
UART Emulation through Software SPORT Reconfiguration
ICE-Port™ Emulator Interface Supports Debugging
in Final Systems
GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe ADSP-2184L is a single-chip microcomputer optimized for
digital signal processing (DSP) and other high speed numeric
processing applications.
The ADSP-2184L combines the ADSP-2100 family base archi-
tecture (three computational units, data address generators and
a program sequencer) with two serial ports, a 16-bit internal
DMA port, a byte DMA port, a programmable timer, Flag I/O,
extensive interrupt capabilities and on-chip program and data
memory.
The ADSP-2184L integrates 20K bytes of on-chip memory
configured as 4K words (24-bit) of program RAM and 4K
words (16-bit) of data RAM. Power-down circuitry is also pro-
vided to meet the low power needs of battery operated portable
equipment. The ADSP-2184L is available in a 100-lead LQFP
package.
In addition, the ADSP-2184L supports instructions that include
bit manipulations—bit set, bit clear, bit toggle, bit test—ALU
constants, multiplication instruction (x squared), biased round-
ing, result free ALU operations, I/O memory transfers and
global interrupt masking for increased flexibility.
ICE-Port is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
ADSP-2184LFabricated in a high speed, double metal, low power, CMOS
process, the ADSP-2184L operates with a 25 ns instruction cycle
time. Every instruction can execute in a single processor cycle.
The ADSP-21xx family DSPs contain a shadow bank register
that is useful for single cycle context switching of the processor.
The ADSP-2184L’s flexible architecture and comprehensive
instruction set allow the processor to perform multiple opera-
tions in parallel. In one processor cycle the ADSP-2184L can:Generate the next program addressFetch the next instructionPerform one or two data movesUpdate one or two data address pointersPerform a computational operation
This takes place while the processor continues to:Receive and transmit data through the two serial portsReceive or transmit data through the internal DMA portReceive or transmit data through the byte DMA portDecrement timer
Development SystemThe ADSP-2100 Family Development Software, a complete set
of tools for software and hardware system development, sup-
ports the ADSP-2184L. The System Builder provides a high
level method for defining the architecture of systems under
development. The Assembler has an algebraic syntax that is easy
to program and debug. The Linker combines object files into an
executable file. The Simulator provides an interactive instruction-
level simulation with a reconfigurable user interface to display
different portions of the hardware environment. A PROM
Splitter generates PROM programmer compatible files. The
C Compiler, based on the Free Software Foundation’s GNU
C Compiler, generates ADSP-2184L assembly source code.
The source code debugger allows programs to be corrected in
the C environment. The Runtime Library includes over 100
ANSI-standard mathematical and DSP-specific functions.
The EZ-KIT Lite is a hardware/software kit offering a complete
development environment for the entire ADSP-21xx family: an
ADSP-218x based evaluation board with PC monitor software
plus Assembler, Linker, Simulator and PROM Splitter software.
The ADSP-21xx EZ-KIT Lite is a low cost, easy to use hardware
platform on which you can quickly get started with your DSP soft-
ware design. The EZ-KIT Lite includes the following features:33 MHz ADSP-2181Full 16-bit Stereo Audio I/O with AD1847 SoundPort® CodecRS-232 Interface to PC with Windows® 3.1 Control SoftwareEZ-ICE® Connector for Emulator ControlDSP Demo ProgramsCode compatible with all 218x products
The ADSP-218x EZ-ICE Emulator aids in the hardware debug-
ging of an ADSP-2184L system. The emulator consists of hard-
ware, host computer resident software, and the target board
connector. The ADSP-2184L integrates on-chip emulation
support with a 14-pin ICE-Port interface. This interface provides a
simpler target board connection that requires fewer mechanical
clearance considerations than other ADSP-2100 Family EZ-ICEs.
The ADSP-2184L device need not be removed from the target
The EZ-ICE performs a full range of functions, including:In-target operationUp to 20 breakpointsSingle-step or full-speed operationRegisters and memory values can be examined and alteredPC upload and download functionsInstruction-level emulation of program booting and executionComplete assembly and disassembly of instructionsC source-level debugging
See Designing An EZ-ICE-Compatible Target System in the
ADSP-2100 Family EZ-Tools Manual (ADSP-2181 sections), as
well as the Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE Probe section
of this data sheet, for the exact specifications of the EZ-ICE
target board connector.
Additional InformationThis data sheet provides a general overview of ADSP-2184L
functionality. For additional information on the architecture and
instruction set of the processor, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family
User’s Manual, Third Edition. For more information about the
development tools, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family Development
Tools Data Sheet.
ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEWThe ADSP-2184L instruction set provides flexible data moves
and multifunction (one or two data moves with a computation)
instructions. Every instruction can be executed in a single pro-
cessor cycle. The ADSP-2184L assembly language uses an alge-
braic syntax for ease of coding and readability. A comprehensive
set of development tools supports program development.
Figure 1.Block Diagram
Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of the ADSP-2184L. The
processor contains three independent computational units: the
ALU, the multiplier/accumulator (MAC) and the shifter. The
computational units process 16-bit data directly and have provi-
sions to support multiprecision computations. The ALU per-
forms a standard set of arithmetic and logic operations; division
primitives are also supported. The MAC performs single-cycle
multiply, multiply/add and multiply/subtract operations with
40 bits of accumulation. The shifter performs logical and arith-
metic shifts, normalization, denormalization and derive expo-
nent operations.
The internal result (R) bus connects the computational units so
the output of any unit may be the input of any unit on the next
cycle.
A powerful program sequencer and two dedicated data address
generators ensure efficient delivery of operands to these compu-
tational units. The sequencer supports conditional jumps, sub-
routine calls and returns in a single cycle. With internal loop
counters and loop stacks, the ADSP-2184L executes looped
code with zero overhead; no explicit jump instructions are re-
quired to maintain loops.
Two data address generators (DAGs) provide addresses for
simultaneous dual operand fetches from data memory and pro-
gram memory. Each DAG maintains and updates four address
pointers. Whenever the pointer is used to access data (indirect
addressing), it is post-modified by the value of one of four pos-
sible modify registers. A length value may be associated with
each pointer to implement automatic modulo addressing for
circular buffers.
Efficient data transfer is achieved with the use of five internal
buses:Program Memory Address (PMA) BusProgram Memory Data (PMD) BusData Memory Address (DMA) BusData Memory Data (DMD) BusResult (R) Bus
The two address buses (PMA and DMA) share a single external
address bus, allowing memory to be expanded off-chip, and the
two data buses (PMD and DMD) share a single external data
bus. Byte memory space and I/O memory space also share the
external buses.
Program memory can store both instructions and data, permit-
ting the ADSP-2184L to fetch two operands in a single cycle,
one from program memory and one from data memory. The
ADSP-2184L can fetch an operand from program memory and
the next instruction in the same cycle.
When configured in host mode, the ADSP-2184L has a 16-bit
Internal DMA port (IDMA port) for connection to external
systems. The IDMA port is made up of 16 data/address pins
and five control pins. The IDMA port provides transparent,
direct access to the DSPs on-chip program and data RAM.
An interface to low cost byte-wide memory is provided by the
Byte DMA port (BDMA port). The BDMA port is bidirectional
and can directly address up to four megabytes of external RAM
or ROM for off-chip storage of program overlays or data tables.
The byte memory and I/O memory space interface supports
slow memories and I/O memory-mapped peripherals with
programmable wait state generation. External devices can
gain control of external buses with bus request/grant signals
(BR, BGH and BG). One execution mode (Go Mode) allows
the ADSP-2184L to continue running from on-chip memory.
Normal execution mode requires the processor to halt while
buses are granted.
The ADSP-2184L can respond to 13 interrupts. There are up to
six external interrupts (one edge-sensitive, two level-sensitive and
three configurable) and seven internal interrupts generated by
variety of framed or frameless data transmit and receive modes
of operation.
Each port can generate an internal programmable serial clock or
accept an external serial clock.
The ADSP-2184L provides up to 13 general-purpose flag pins.
The data input and output pins on SPORT1 can be alternatively
configured as an input flag and an output flag. In addition, eight
flags are programmable as inputs or outputs, and three flags are
always outputs.
A programmable interval timer generates periodic interrupts. A
16-bit count register (TCOUNT) decrements every n processor
cycles, where n is a scaling value stored in an 8-bit register
(TSCALE). When the value of the count register reaches zero,
an interrupt is generated and the count register is reloaded from
a 16-bit period register (TPERIOD).
Serial PortsThe ADSP-2184L incorporates two complete synchronous
serial ports (SPORT0 and SPORT1) for serial communications
and multiprocessor communication.
Here is a brief list of the capabilities of the ADSP-2184L SPORTs.
For additional information on Serial Ports, refer to the ADSP-
2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition.SPORTs are bidirectional and have a separate, double-buff-
ered transmit and receive section.SPORTs can use an external serial clock or generate their own
serial clock internally.SPORTs have independent framing for the receive and trans-
mit sections. Sections run in a frameless mode or with frame
synchronization signals internally or externally generated.
Frame sync signals are active high or inverted, with either of
two pulsewidths and timings.SPORTs support serial data word lengths from 3 to 16 bits
and provide optional A-law and m-law companding according
to CCITT recommendation G.711.SPORT receive and transmit sections can generate unique
interrupts on completing a data word transfer.SPORTs can receive and transmit an entire circular buffer of
data with only one overhead cycle per data word. An interrupt
is generated after a data buffer transfer.SPORT0 has a multichannel interface to selectively receive
and transmit a 24- or 32-word, time-division multiplexed,
serial bitstream.SPORT1 can be configured to have two external interrupts
(IRQ0 and IRQ1) and the Flag In and Flag Out signals. The
internally generated serial clock may still be used in this
configuration.
PIN DESCRIPTIONSThe ADSP-2184L is available in a 100-lead LQFP package. In
order to maintain maximum functionality and reduce package
size and pin count, some serial port, programmable flag, inter-
rupt and external bus pins have dual, multiplexed functionality.
The external bus pins are configured during RESET only, while
serial port pins are software configurable during program execu-
ADSP-2184L
Common-Mode PinsFI, FO
NOTESInterrupt/Flag pins retain both functions concurrently. If IMASK is set to
enable the corresponding interrupts, the DSP will vector to the appropriate
interrupt vector address when the pin is asserted, either by external devices or
set as a programmable flag.
Memory Interface PinsThe ADSP-2184L processor can be used in one of two modes:
Full Memory Mode, which allows BDMA operation with full
external overlay memory and I/O capability, or Host Mode, which
allows IDMA operation with limited external addressing capabili-
ties. The operating mode is determined by the state of the Mode C
pin during reset and cannot be changed while the processor is
running. (See Table VI for complete mode operation descriptions.)
Full Memory Mode Pins (Mode C = 0)
Host Mode Pins (Mode C = 1)In Host Mode, external peripheral addresses can be decoded using the A0,
BMS, CMS, PMS, DMS and IOMS signals.
Setting Memory ModeMemory Mode selection for the ADSP-2184L is made during
chip reset through the use of the Mode C pin. This pin is multi-
plexed with the DSP’s PF2 pin, so care must be taken in how
the mode selection is made. The two methods for selecting the
value of Mode C are passive and active.
Passive configuration involves the use of a pull-up or pull-down
resistor connected to the Mode C pin. To minimize power
consumption, or if the PF2 pin is to be used as an output in the
DSP application, a weak pull-up or pull-down, on the order of
100kW, can be used. This value should be sufficient to pull the
pin to the desired level and still allow the pin to operate as a
programmable flag output without undue strain on the processor’s
output driver. For minimum power consumption during
power-down, reconfigure PF2 to be an input, as the pull-up or
pull-down will hold the pin in a known state, and will not switch.
Active configuration involves the use of a three-stateable exter-
nal driver connected to the Mode C pin. A driver’s output en-
To minimize power consumption during power-down, configure
the programmable flag as an output when connected to a three-
stated buffer. This ensures that the pin will be held at a constant
level and not oscillate should the three-state driver’s level hover
around the logic switching point.
InterruptsThe interrupt controller allows the processor to respond to the
thirteen possible interrupts (eleven of which can be enabled
at any one time), and RESET with minimum overhead. The
ADSP-2184L provides four dedicated external interrupt input
pins, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1 and IRQE (shared with the PF7:4
pins). In addition, SPORT1 may be reconfigured for IRQ0,IRQ1, FLAG_IN and FLAG_OUT, for a total of six external
interrupts. The ADSP-2184L also supports internal interrupts
from the timer, the byte DMA port, the two serial ports, soft-
ware and the power-down control circuit. The interrupt levels
are internally prioritized and individually maskable (except
power-down and RESET). The IRQ2, IRQ0 and IRQ1 input
pins can be programmed to be either level- or edge-sensitive.IRQL0 and IRQL1 are level-sensitive and IRQE is edge-sensitive.
The priorities and vector addresses of all interrupts are shown in
Table I.
Table I.Interrupt Priority and Interrupt Vector AddressesPower-Down (Nonmaskable)
IRQ2
IRQL1
IRQL0
SPORT0 Transmit
SPORT0 Receive
IRQE
BDMA Interrupt
SPORT1 Transmit or IRQ1
SPORT1 Receive or IRQ0
Interrupt routines can either be nested, with higher priority
interrupts taking precedence, or processed sequentially. Inter-
rupts can be masked or unmasked with the IMASK register.
Individual interrupt requests are logically ANDed with the bits
in IMASK; the highest priority unmasked interrupt is then
selected. The power-down interrupt is nonmaskable.
The ADSP-2184L masks all interrupts for one instruction cycle
following the execution of an instruction that modifies the
IMASK register. This does not affect serial port autobuffering
or DMA transfers.
The interrupt control register, ICNTL, controls interrupt nest-
ing and defines the IRQ0, IRQ1 and IRQ2 external interrupts to
be either edge- or level-sensitive. The IRQE pin is an external
edge-sensitive interrupt and can be forced and cleared. TheIRQL0 and IRQL1 pins are external level-sensitive interrupts.
The IFC register is a write-only register used to force and clear
interrupts.
On-chip stacks preserve the processor status and are automati-
cally maintained during interrupt handling. The stacks are twelve
levels deep to allow interrupt, loop and subroutine nesting.
The following instructions allow global enable or disable servic-
ing of the interrupts (including power-down), regardless of the
state of IMASK. Disabling the interrupts does not affect serial
port autobuffering or DMA.
ENA INTS;
DIS INTS;
When the processor is reset, interrupt servicing is enabled.
LOW POWER OPERATIONThe ADSP-2184L has three low power modes that significantly
reduce the power dissipation when the device operates under
standby conditions. These modes are:Power-DownIdleSlow Idle
The CLKOUT pin may also be disabled to reduce external
power dissipation.
Power-DownThe ADSP-2184L processor has a low power feature that lets
the processor enter a very low power dormant state through
hardware or software control. Following is a brief list of power-
down features. Refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual,
Third Edition, “System Interface” chapter, for detailed informa-
tion about the power-down feature.Quick recovery from power-down. The processor begins
executing instructions in as few as 400 CLKIN cycles.Support for an externally generated TTL or CMOS proces-
sor clock. The external clock can continue running during
power-down without affecting the lowest power rating and
400 CLKIN cycle recovery.Support for crystal operation includes disabling the oscillator
to save power (the processor automatically waits approxi-
mately 4096 CLKIN cycles for the crystal oscillator to start
or stabilize), and letting the oscillator run to allow 400CLKIN
cycle start-up.Power-down is initiated by either the power-down pin (PWD)
or the software power-down force bit.Interrupt support allows an unlimited number of instructions
to be executed before optionally powering down. The power-
down interrupt also can be used as a nonmaskable, edge-
sensitive interrupt.Context clear/save control allows the processor to continue
where it left off or start with a clean context when leaving the
power-down state.The RESET pin also can be used to terminate power-down.Power-down acknowledge (PWDACK) pin indicates when
the processor has entered power-down.
ADSP-2184L
IdleWhen the ADSP-2184L is in the Idle Mode, the processor waits
indefinitely in a low power state until an interrupt occurs. When
an unmasked interrupt occurs, it is serviced; execution then
continues with the instruction following the IDLE instruction.
In Idle mode IDMA, BDMA and autobuffer cycle steals still
occur.
Slow IdleThe IDLE instruction is enhanced on the ADSP-2184L to let
the processor’s internal clock signal be slowed, further reducing
power consumption. The reduced clock frequency, a program-
mable fraction of the normal clock rate, is specified by a select-
able divisor given in the IDLE instruction. The format of the
instruction is:
IDLE (n)
where n = 16, 32, 64 or 128. This instruction keeps the proces-
sor fully functional, but operating at the slower clock rate. While
it is in this state, the processor’s other internal clock signals such
as SCLK, CLKOUT and timer clock, are reduced by the same
ratio. The default form of the instruction, when no clock divisor
is given, is the standard IDLE instruction.
When the IDLE (n) instruction is used, it effectively slows down
the processor’s internal clock and thus its response time to in-
coming interrupts. The one-cycle response time of the standard
idle state is increased by n, the clock divisor. When an enabled
interrupt is received, the ADSP-2184L will remain in the idle
state for up to a maximum of n processor cycles (n = 16, 32, 64
or 128) before resuming normal operation.
When the IDLE (n) instruction is used in systems that have an
externally generated serial clock (SCLK), the serial clock rate
may be faster than the processor’s reduced internal clock rate.
Under these conditions, interrupts must not be generated at a
faster rate than can be serviced due to the additional time the
processor takes to come out of the idle state (a maximum of n
processor cycles).
SYSTEM INTERFACEFigure 2 shows typical basic system configurations with the
ADSP-2184L, two serial devices, a byte-wide EPROM and op-
tional external program and data overlay memories (mode select-
able). Programmable wait state generation allows the processor
to connect easily to slow peripheral devices. The ADSP-2184L
also provides four external interrupts and two serial ports or six
external interrupts and one serial port. Host Memory Mode
allows access to the full external data bus, but limits addressing
to a single address bit (A0). Additional system peripherals can
be added in this mode through the use of external hardware to
generate and latch address signals.
Figure 2.Basic System Configuration
Clock SignalsThe ADSP-2184L can be clocked by either a crystal or a
TTL-compatible clock signal.
The CLKIN input cannot be halted, changed during operation
or operated below the specified frequency during normal opera-
tion. The only exception is while the processor is in the power-
down state. For additional information on the power-down
feature, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual, Third
Edition.
If an external clock is used, it should be a TTL-compatible
signal running at half the instruction rate. The signal is con-
nected to the processor’s CLKIN input. When an external clock
is used, the XTAL input must be left unconnected.
The ADSP-2184L uses an input clock with a frequency equal to
half the instruction rate; a 20 MHz input clock yields a 25 ns
processor cycle (which is equivalent to 40 MHz). Normally,
instructions are executed in a single processor cycle. All device
timing is relative to the internal instruction clock rate, which is
indicated by the CLKOUT signal when enabled.
Because the ADSP-2184L includes an on-chip oscillator circuit,
an external crystal may be used. The crystal should be con-
nected across the CLKIN and XTAL pins, with two capacitors
connected as shown in Figure 3. Capacitor values are dependent
on crystal type and should be specified by the crystal manufac-
turer. A parallel-resonant, fundamental frequency, microproces-
sor-grade crystal should be used.
A clock output (CLKOUT) signal is generated by the proces-
sor at the processor’s cycle rate. This can be enabled and
disabled by the CLKODIS bit in the SPORT0 Autobuffer
Control Register.
Figure 3.External Crystal Connections
ResetThe RESET signal initiates a master reset of the ADSP-2184L.
The RESET signal must be asserted during the power-up
sequence to assure proper initialization. RESET during initial
power-up must be held long enough to allow the internal clock
to stabilize. If RESET is activated any time after power-up, the
clock continues to run and does not require stabilization time.
The power-up sequence is defined as the total time required for
the crystal oscillator circuit to stabilize after a valid VDD is
applied to the processor, and for the internal phase-locked loop
(PLL) to lock onto the specific crystal frequency. A minimum of
2000 CLKIN cycles ensures that the PLL has locked, but does
not include the crystal oscillator start-up time. During this
power-up sequence the RESET signal should be held low. On
any subsequent resets, the RESET signal must meet the mini-
The master RESET sets all internal stack pointers to the empty
stack condition, masks all interrupts and clears the MSTAT
register. When RESET is released, if there is no pending bus
request and the chip is configured for booting, the boot-loading
sequence is performed. The first instruction is fetched from
on-chip program memory location 0x0000 once boot loading
completes. In an EZ-ICE-compatible system RESET andERESET have the same functionality. For complete information,
see Designing an EZ-ICE-Compatible System section.
MEMORY ARCHITECTUREThe ADSP-2184L provides a variety of memory and peripheral
interface options. The key functional groups are Program Memory,
Data Memory, Byte Memory and I/O.
Program Memory (Full Memory Mode) is a 24-bit-wide spacefor storing both instruction opcodes and data. The ADSP-2184L
has 4K words of Program Memory RAM on chip, and the capabil-
ity of accessing up to two 8K external memory overlay spaces using
the external data bus. Both an instruction opcode and a data value
can be read from on-chip program memory in a single cycle.
Data Memory (Full Memory Mode) is a 16-bit-wide spaceused for the storage of data variables and for memory-mapped
control registers. The ADSP-2184L has 4K words on Data
Memory RAM on chip, consisting of 4K user-accessible
locations and 32 memory-mapped registers. Support also exists
for up to two 8K external memory overlay spaces through the
external data bus.
Byte Memory (Full Memory Mode) provides access to an8-bit wide memory space through the Byte DMA (BDMA) port.
The Byte Memory interface provides access to 4 MBytes of
memory by utilizing eight data lines as additional address lines.
This gives the BDMA Port an effective 22-bit address range. On
power-up, the DSP can automatically load bootstrap code from
byte memory.
I/O Space (Full Memory Mode) allows access to 2048 loca-tions of 16-bit-wide data. It is intended to be used to communi-
cate with parallel peripheral devices such as data converters and
external registers or latches.
Program MemoryThe ADSP-2184L contains 4K · 24 of on-chip program RAM.
The on-chip program memory is designed to allow up to two
accesses each cycle so that all operations can complete in a
single cycle. In addition, the ADSP-2184L allows the use of 8K
external memory overlays.
The program memory space organization is controlled by the
Mode B pin and the PMOVLAY register. Normally, the ADSP-
2184L is configured with Mode B = 0 and program memory
organized as shown in Figure 4.
ADSP-2184LWhen PMOVLAY is set to 1 or 2, external accesses occur at
addresses 0x2000 through 0x3FFF. The external address is
generated as shown in Table II.
Table II.NOTE: Addresses 0x2000 through 0x3FFF should not be accessed when
PMOVLAY = 0.
This organization provides for two external 8K overlay segments
using only the normal 14 address bits, which allows for simple
program overlays using one of the two external segments in
place of the on-chip memory. Care must be taken in using this
overlay space in that the processor core (i.e., the sequencer)
does not take into account the PMOVLAY register value. For
example, if a loop operation is occurring on one of the external
overlays and the program changes to another external overlay or
internal memory, an incorrect loop operation could occur. In
addition, care must be taken in interrupt service routines as the
overlay registers are not automatically saved and restored on the
processor mode stack.
When Mode B = 1, booting is disabled and overlay memory is
disabled. Figure 5 shows the memory map in this configuration.
The 4K internal pin cannot be accessed with Mode B = 1.
PROGRAM MEMORYADDRESSFigure 5.Program Memory (Mode B = 1)
Data MemoryThe ADSP-2184L has 4K 16-bit words of internal data memory.
In addition, the ADSP-2184L allows the use of 8K external
memory overlays. Figure 6 shows the organization of the data
memory.
DATA MEMORYADDRESSFigure 6.Data Memory
There are 4K words of memory accessible internally when the
DMOVLAY register is set to 0. When DMOVLAY is set to 1 or
2, external accesses occur at addresses 0x0000 through 0x1FFF.
The external address is generated as shown in Table III.
Table III.This organization allows for two external 8K overlays using only
the normal 14 address bits. All internal accesses complete in one
cycle. Accesses to external memory are timed using the wait
states specified by the DWAIT register.
I/O Space (Full Memory Mode)The ADSP-2184L supports an additional external memory
space called I/O space. This space is designed to support simple
connections to peripherals or to bus interface ASIC data regis-
ters. I/O space supports 2048 locations. The lower eleven bits
of the external address bus are used; the upper three bits are
undefined. Two instructions were added to the core ADSP-
2100 Family instruction set to read from and write to I/O
memory space. The I/O space also has four dedicated three-bit
wait state registers, IOWAIT0-3, that specify up to seven wait
states to be automatically generated for each of four regions.
The wait states act on address ranges as shown in Table IV.
Table IV.
Byte MemoryThe byte memory space is a bidirectional, 8-bit-wide, external
memory space used to store programs and data. Byte memory is
accessed using the BDMA feature. The byte memory space
consists of 256 16K · 8 pages.
The byte memory space on the ADSP-2184L supports read and
write operations as well as four different data formats. The byte
memory uses data bits 15:8 for data. The byte memory uses
data bits 23:16 and address bits 13:0 to create a 22-bit address.
This allows up to a 4 meg · 8 (32 megabit) ROM or RAM to be
used without glue logic. All byte memory accesses are timed by
the BMWAIT register.
Byte Memory DMA (BDMA, Full Memory Mode)The Byte memory DMA controller allows loading and storing of
program instructions and data using the byte memory space.
The BDMA circuit is able to access the byte memory space
while the processor is operating normally and steals only one
DSP cycle per 8-, 16- or 24-bit word transferred.
The BDMA circuit supports four different data formats, that are
selected by the BTYPE register field. The appropriate number
of 8-bit accesses is determined from the byte memory space to
build the word size selected. Table V shows the data formats sup-
ported by the BDMA circuit.
Table V.Unused bits in the 8-bit data memory formats are filled with 0s.
The BIAD register field is used to specify the starting address for
the on-chip memory involved with the transfer. The 14-bit BEAD
register specifies the starting address for the external byte memory
space. The 8-bit BMPAGE register specifies the starting page for
the external byte memory space. The BDIR register field selects
the direction of the transfer. Finally the 14-bit BWCOUNT
register specifies the number of DSP words to transfer and
initiates the BDMA circuit transfers.
BDMA accesses can cross page boundaries during sequential
addressing. A BDMA interrupt is generated on the completion
of the number of transfers specified by the BWCOUNT register.
The BWCOUNT register is updated after each transfer so it can
be used to check the status of the transfers. When it reaches
zero, the transfers have finished and a BDMA interrupt is gener-
ated. The BMPAGE and BEAD registers must not be accessed
by the DSP during BDMA operations.
The source or destination of a BDMA transfer will always be
on-chip program or data memory, regardless of the values of
Mode B, PMOVLAY or DMOVLAY.
When the BWCOUNT register is written with a nonzero value,
the BDMA circuit starts executing byte memory accesses with
wait states set by BMWAIT. These accesses continue until the
external memory have priority over BDMA byte memory
accesses.
The BDMA Context Reset bit (BCR) controls whether the
processor is held off while the BDMA accesses are occurring.
Setting the BCR bit to 0 allows the processor to continue opera-
tions. Setting the BCR bit to 1 causes the processor to stop
execution while the BDMA accesses are occurring, to clear the
context of the processor and start execution at address 0 when
the BDMA accesses have completed.
Composite Memory Select (CMS)The ADSP-2184L has a programmable memory select signal
that is useful for generating memory select signals for memories
mapped to more than one space. The CMS signal is generated
to have the same timing as each of the individual memory select
signals (PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS), but can combine their
functionality.
Each bit in the CMSSEL register, when set, causes the CMS
signal to be asserted when the selected memory select is as-
serted. For example, to use a 32K word memory to act as both
program and data memory, set the PMS and DMS bits in the
CMSSEL register and use the CMS pin to drive the chip select
of the memory and use either DMS or PMS as the additional
address bit.
The CMS pin functions as the other memory select signal, with
the same timing and bus request logic. A 1 in the enable bit
causes the assertion of the CMS signal at the same time as the
selected memory select signal. All enable bits, except the BMS
bit, default to 1 at reset.
Internal Memory DMA Port (IDMA Port; Host Memory Mode)The IDMA Port provides an efficient means of communication
between a host system and the ADSP-2184L. The port is used
to access the on-chip program memory and data memory of the
DSP with only one DSP cycle per word overhead. The IDMA
port cannot, however, be used to write directly to the DSP’s
memory-mapped control registers.
The IDMA port has a 16-bit multiplexed address and data bus
and supports 24-bit program memory. The IDMA port is com-
pletely asynchronous and can be written to while the ADSP-
2184L is operating at full speed.
The DSP memory address is latched and then automatically
incremented after each IDMA transaction. An external device
can therefore access a block of sequentially addressed memory
by specifying only the starting address of the block. This in-
creases throughput as the address does not have to be sent for
each memory access.
IDMA Port access occurs in two phases. The first is the IDMA
Address Latch cycle. When the acknowledge is asserted, a 14-bit
address and 1-bit destination type can be driven onto the bus by
an external device. The address specifies an on-chip memory
location, the destination type specifies whether it is a DM or
PM access. The falling edge of the IDMA address latch signal
(IAL) or the missing edge of the IDMA select signal (IS) latches
this value into the IDMAA register.
Once the address is stored, data can then either be read from or
written to the ADSP-2184L’s on-chip memory. Asserting the
ADSP-2184Ltransaction is required. In either case, there is a one-processor-
cycle delay for synchronization. The memory access consumes
one additional processor cycle.
Once an access has occurred, the latched address is automati-
cally incremented and another access can occur.
Through the IDMAA register, the DSP can also specify the
starting address and data format for DMA operation.
Bootstrap Loading (Booting)The ADSP-2184L has two mechanisms to allow automatic
loading of the internal program memory after reset. The method
for booting is controlled by the Mode A, B and C configuration
bits as shown in Table VI. These four states can be compressed
into two-state bits by allowing an IDMA boot with Mode C = 1.
However, three bits are used to ensure future compatibility with
parts containing internal program memory ROM.
BDMA BootingWhen the MODE pins specify BDMA booting, the ADSP-2184L
initiates a BDMA boot sequence when RESET is released.
Table VI.Boot Summary TableThe BDMA interface is set up during reset to the following de-
faults when BDMA booting is specified: the BDIR, BMPAGE,
BIAD and BEAD registers are set to 0; the BTYPE register is
set to 0 to specify program memory 24-bit words; and the
BWCOUNT register is set to 32. This causes 32 words of on-
chip program memory to be loaded from byte memory. These
32 words are used to set up the BDMA to load in the remaining
program code. The BCR bit is also set to 1, which causes program
execution to be held off until all 32 words are loaded into on-chip
program memory. Execution then begins at address 0.
The IDLE instruction can also be used to allow the processor to
hold off execution while booting continues through the BDMA
interface. For BDMA accesses while in Host Mode, the ad-
dresses to boot memory must be constructed externally to the
ADSP-2184L. The only memory address bit provided by the
processor is A0.
IDMA BootingThe ADSP-2184L can also boot programs through its Internal
DMA port. If Mode C = 1, Mode B = 0, and Mode A = 1, the
ADSP-2184L boots from the IDMA port. The IDMA feature
can load as much on-chip memory as desired. Program execu-
tion is held off until on-chip program memory location 0 is
written to.
Bus Request and Bus GrantThe ADSP-2184L can relinquish control of the data and ad-
dress buses to an external device. When the external device
requires access to memory, it asserts the bus request (BR) sig-
nal. If the ADSP-2184L is not performing an external memory
access, it responds to the active BR input in the following pro-
cessor cycle by:Three-stating the data and address buses and the PMS, DMS,BMS, CMS, IOMS, RD, WR output drivers,Asserting the bus grant (BG) signal, andHalting program execution.
If Go Mode is enabled, the ADSP-2184L will not halt program
execution until it encounters an instruction that requires an
external memory access.
If the ADSP-2184L is performing an external memory access
when the external device asserts the BR signal, it will not three-
state the memory interfaces or assert the BG signal until the
processor cycle after the access completes. The instruction does
not need to be completed when the bus is granted. If a single
instruction requires two external memory accesses, the bus will
be granted between the two accesses.
When the BR signal is released, the processor releases the BG
signal, reenables the output drivers and continues program
execution from the point at which it stopped.
The bus request feature operates at all times, including when
the processor is booting and when RESET is active.
The BGH pin is asserted when the ADSP-2184L is ready to
execute an instruction but is stopped because the external bus is
already granted to another device. The other device can release
the bus by deasserting bus request. Once the bus is released, the
ADSP-2184L deasserts BG and BGH and executes the external
Flag I/O PinsThe ADSP-2184L has eight general purpose programmable input/
output flag pins. They are controlled by two memory mapped
registers. The PFTYPE register determines the direction,
1 = output and 0 = input. The PFDATA register is used to read
and write the values on the pins. Data being read from a pin
configured as an input is synchronized to the ADSP-2184L’s
clock. Bits that are programmed as outputs will read the value
being output. The PF pins default to input during reset.
In addition to the programmable flags, the ADSP-2184L has
five fixed-mode flags, FLAG_IN, FLAG_OUT, FL0, FL1 and
FL2. FL0-FL2 are dedicated output flags. FLAG_IN and
FLAG_OUT are available as an alternate configuration of
SPORT1.
Note:Pins PF0, PF1 and PF2 are also used for device configu-
ration during reset.
INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONThe ADSP-2184L assembly language instruction set has an
algebraic syntax that was designed for ease of coding and
readability. The assembly language, which takes full advantage
of the processor’s unique architecture, offers the following benefits:The algebraic syntax eliminates the need to remember cryptic
assembler mnemonics. For example, a typical arithmetic add
instruction, such as AR = AX0 + AY0, resembles a simple
equation.Every instruction assembles into a single, 24-bit word that
can execute in a single instruction cycle.The syntax is a superset ADSP-2100 Family assembly lan-
guage and is completely source and object code compatible
with other family members. Programs may need to be relo-
cated to utilize on-chip memory and conform to the ADSP-
2184L’s interrupt vector and reset vector map.Sixteen condition codes are available. For conditional jump,
call, return or arithmetic instructions, the condition can be
checked and the operation executed in the same instruction
cycle.Multifunction instructions allow parallel execution of an
arithmetic instruction with up to two fetches or one write to
processor memory space during a single instruction cycle.
DESIGNING AN EZ-ICE-COMPATIBLE SYSTEMThe ADSP-2184L has on-chip emulation support and an
ICE-Port, a special set of pins that interface to the EZ-ICE. These
features allow in-circuit emulation without replacing the target
system processor by using only a 14-pin connection from the
target system to the EZ-ICE. Target systems must have a 14-pin
connector to accept the EZ-ICE’s in-circuit probe, a 14-pin plug.
Issuing the chip reset command during emulation causes the
DSP to perform a full chip reset, including a reset of its memory
mode. Therefore, it is vital that the mode pins are set correctly
PRIOR to issuing a chip reset command from the emulator user
interface.
If using a passive method of maintaining mode information (as
discussed in Setting Memory Modes), it does not matter that
the mode information is latched by an emulator reset. However,
if using the RESET pin as a method of setting the value of the
mode pins, the effects of an emulator reset must be taken into
consideration.
One method of ensuring that the values located on the mode
pins are the desired values is to construct a circuit like the one
shown in Figure 7. This circuit forces the value located on the
Mode A pin to logic low, regardless if it latched via the RESET
or ERESET pin.
Figure 7.Boot Mode Circuit
See the ADSP-2100 Family EZ-Tools data sheet for complete
information on ICE products.
The ICE-Port interface consists of the following ADSP-2184L
pins:
EBREBGERESETEMSEINTECLK
ELINELOUTEE
These ADSP-2184L pins are usually connected only to the
EZ-ICE connector in the target system. These pins have no
function except during emulation, and do not require pull-up
or pull-down resistors. The traces for these signals between
the ADSP-2184L and the connector must be kept as short as
possible, no longer than three inches.
The following pins are also used by the EZ-ICE:BGRESETGND
The EZ-ICE uses the EE (emulator enable) signal to take con-
trol of the ADSP-2184L in the target system. This causes the
processor to use its ERESET, EBR and EBG pins instead of
the RESET, BR and BG pins. The BG output is three-stated.
These signals do not need to be jumper-isolated in your system.
The EZ-ICE connects to your target system via a ribbon cable
and a 14-pin female plug. The female plug is plugged onto the
14-pin connector (a pin strip header) on the target board.
ADSP-2184L
Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE ProbeThe EZ-ICE connector (a standard pin strip header) is shown in
Figure 8. You must add this connector to your target board
design if you intend to use the EZ-ICE. Be sure to allow
enough room in your system to fit the EZ-ICE probe onto the
14-pin connector.
GND
RESET
TOP VIEW
EBG
EBR
ELOUT
EINT
ELIN
ECLK
EMS
ERESET
KEY (NO PIN)Figure 8.Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE
The 14-pin, 2-row pin strip header is keyed at the Pin 7 loca-
tion—you must remove Pin 7 from the header. The pins must
be 0.025 inch square and at least 0.20 inch in length. Pin spac-
ing should be 0.1 · 0.1 inches. The pin strip header must have
at least 0.15-inch clearance on all sides to accept the EZ-ICE
probe plug. Pin strip headers are available from vendors such as
3M, McKenzie and Samtec.
Target Memory InterfaceFor your target system to be compatible with the EZ-ICE emu-
lator, it must comply with the memory interface guidelines listed
below.
PM, DM, BM, IOM, and CMDesign Program Memory (PM), Data Memory (DM), Byte
Memory (BM), I/O Memory (IOM) and Composite Memory
(CM) external interfaces to comply with worst case device tim-
ing requirements and switching characteristics as specified in
this DSP’s data sheet. The performance of the EZ-ICE may ap-
proach published worst case specification for some memory
access timing requirements and switching characteristics.
Note: If your target does not meet the worst case chip specifica-
tions for memory access parameters, you may not be able to
emulate your circuitry at the desired CLKIN frequency. Depend-
ing on the severity of the specification violation, you may have
trouble manufacturing your system as DSP components statisti-
cally vary in switching characteristics and timing requirements
within published limits.
Restriction:All memory strobe signals on the ADSP-2184L
(RD, WR, PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS and IOMS) used in your
target system must have 10 kW pull-up resistors connected when
the EZ-ICE is being used. The pull-up resistors are necessary
because there are no internal pull-ups to guarantee their state
during prolonged three-state conditions resulting from typical
EZ-ICE debugging sessions. These resistors may be removed at
your option when the EZ-ICE is not being used.
Target System Interface SignalsWhen the EZ-ICE board is installed, the performance of some
system signals change. Design your system to be compatible
with the following system interface signal changes introduced by
the EZ-ICE board:EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay be-
tween your target circuitry and the DSP on the RESET signal.EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay be-
tween your target circuitry and the DSP on the BR signal.EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when single-
stepping.EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when in Emulator
Space (DSP halted).EZ-ICE emulation ignores the state of target BR in certain
modes. As a result, the target system may take control of the
DSP’s external memory bus only if bus grant (BG) is asserted
by the EZ-ICE board’s DSP.
ADSP-2184L
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSVIH
VIL
VOH
VOL
IIH
IOZL
IDD
IDD
NOTESBidirectional pins: D0–D23, RFS0, RFS1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, A1–A13, PF0–PF7.Input only pins: RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.Input only pins: CLKIN, RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.Output pins: BG, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, PWDACK, A0, DT0, DT1, CLKOUT, FL2–0, BGH.Although specified for TTL outputs, all ADSP-2184L outputs are CMOS-compatible and will drive to VDD and GND, assuming no dc loads.6Guaranteed but not tested.Three-statable pins: A0–A13, D0–D23, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, DT0, DT1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, RFS0, RFS1, PF0–PF7.0 V on BR.Idle refers to ADSP-2184L state of operation during execution of IDLE instruction. Deasserted pins are driven to either VDD or GND.10IDD measurement taken with all instructions executing from internal memory. 50% of the instructions are multifunction (types 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14), 30% are type 2
and type 6, and 20% are idle instructions.VIN = 0 V and 3 V. For typical figures for supply currents, refer to Power Dissipation section.Applies to LQFP package type.Output pin capacitance is the capacitive load for any three-stated output pin.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
SPECIFICATIONS
ADSP-2184L
ESD SENSITIVITYESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the ADSP-2184L features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +4.6 V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V
Output Voltage Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V
Operating Temperature Range (Ambient) . . –40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (5 sec) LQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +280°C
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only; functional operation of
the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ADSP-2184L TIMING PARAMETERS
GENERAL NOTESUse the exact timing information given. Do not attempt to
derive parameters from the addition or subtraction of others.
While addition or subtraction would yield meaningful results for
an individual device, the values given in this data sheet reflect
statistical variations and worst cases. Consequently, you cannot
meaningfully add up parameters to derive longer times.
TIMING NOTESSwitching characteristics specify how the processor changes its
signals. You have no control over this timing—circuitry external
to the processor must be designed for compatibility with these
signal characteristics. Switching characteristics tell you what the
processor will do in a given circumstance. You can also use
switching characteristics to ensure that any timing requirement
of a device connected to the processor (such as memory) is
satisfied.
Timing requirements apply to signals that are controlled by
circuitry external to the processor, such as the data input for a
read operation. Timing requirements must be met to guarantee
that the processor operates correctly with other devices.
MEMORY TIMING SPECIFICATIONSThe table below shows common memory device specifications
and the corresponding ADSP-2184L timing parameters, for
your convenience.
xMS = PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS, IOMS.
FREQUENCY DEPENDENCY FOR TIMING
SPECIFICATIONStCK is defined as 0.5 tCKI. The ADSP-2184L uses an input clock
with a frequency equal to half the instruction rate: a 20 MHz
input clock (which is equivalent to 50 ns) yields a 25 ns proces-
sor cycle (equivalent to 40 MHz). tCK values within the range of
0.5 tCKI period should be substituted for all relevant timing para-
meters to obtain the specification value.
Example: tCKH = 0.5 tCK – 7 ns = 0.5 (25 ns) – 7 ns = 5.5 ns
TIMING PARAMETERStCKIL
tCKIH
Switching Characteristics:
tCKL
Control SignalsTiming Requirements:
tRSP
NOTEApplies after power-up sequence is complete. Internal phase lock loop requires no more than 2000 CLKIN cycles assuming stable CLKIN (not including crystal
oscillator start-up time).
tCKOHtMS
CLKIN
CLKOUT
PF(2:0)*
RESET
*PF2 IS MODE C, PF1 IS MODE B, PF0 IS MODE AFigure 9.Clock Signals
ADSP-2184L
TIMING PARAMETERStIFH
NOTESIf IRQx and FI inputs meet tIFS and tIFH setup/hold requirements, they will be recognized during the current clock cycle; otherwise the signals will be recognized on
the following cycle. (Refer to “Interrupt Controller Operation” in the Program Control chapter of the ADSP-2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition, for further
information on interrupt servicing.)Edge-sensitive interrupts require pulsewidths greater than 10 ns; level-sensitive interrupts must be held low until serviced.IRQx = IRQ0, IRQ1, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1, IRQE.PFx = PF0, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4, PF5, PF6, PF7.Flag outputs = PFx, FL0, FL1, FL2, Flag_out.
CLKOUT
FLAG
OUTPUTS
IRQx
PFxFigure 10.Interrupts and Flags
