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5962-9312601MXA
Complete 12-Bit 1.25 MSPS Monolithic A/D Converter
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
REV.BComplete 12-Bit 1.25 MSPS
Monolithic A/D Converter
FEATURES
Conversion Time: 800 ns
1.25 MHz Throughput Rate
Complete: On-Chip Sample-and-Hold Amplifier and
Voltage Reference
Low Power Dissipation: 570 mW
No Missing Codes Guaranteed
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio
fIN = 100 kHz: 70 dB
Pin Configurable Input Voltage Ranges
Twos Complement or Offset Binary Output Data
28-Pin DIP and 28-Pin Surface Mount Package
Out of Range Indicator
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The AD1671 is a monolithic 12-bit, 1.25 MSPS analog-to-
digital converter with an on-board, high performance sample-
and-hold amplifier (SHA) and voltage reference. The AD1671
guarantees no missing codes over the full operating tempera-
ture range. The combination of a merged high speed bipolar/
CMOS process and a novel architecture results in a combi-
nation of speed and power consumption far superior to pre-
viously available hybrid implementations. Additionally, the
greater reliability of monolithic construction offers improved
system reliability and lower costs than hybrid designs.
The fast settling input SHA is equally suited for both multi-
plexed systems that switch negative to positive full-scale
voltage levels in successive channels and sampling inputs at
frequencies up to and beyond the Nyquist rate. The AD1671
provides both reference output and reference input pins, al-
lowing the on-board reference to serve as a system reference.
An external reference can also be chosen to suit the dc accu-
racy and temperature drift requirements of the application.
The AD1671 uses a subranging flash conversion technique,
with digital error correction for possible errors introduced in
the first part of the conversion cycle. An on-chip timing gen-
erator provides strobe pulses for each of the four internal
flash cycles. A single ENCODE pulse is used to control the
converter. The digital output data is presented in twos
complement or offset binary output format. An out-of-range
signal indicates an overflow condition. It can be used with
the most significant bit to determine low or high overflow.
DC SPECIFICATIONS
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
ANALOG INPUT
LOGIC INPUTS
POWER SUPPLIES
NOTES
1Adjustable to zero with external potentiometers.
2Includes internal voltage reference error.
(TMIN to TMAX with VCC = +5 V 6 5%, VLOGIC = +5 V 6 10%, VEE = –5 V 6 5%, unless otherwise noted)AD1671–SPECIFICATIONS
AD1671
(TMIN to TMAX with VCC = +5 V 6 5%, VLOGIC = +5 V 6 10%, VEE = –5 V 6 5%, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS,
flNPUT = 1OO kHz, unless otherwise noted)1AC SPECIFICATIONS
NOTESfIN amplitude = –0.5 dB (9.44 V p-p) bipolar mode full scale unless otherwise indicated. All measurements referred to a 0 dB (±5 V) input signal, unless otherwise
indicated.fA = 99 kHz, fB = 100 kHz with fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS
NOTEStDD is measured from when the falling edge of DAV crosses 0.8 V to when the output crosses 0.4 V or 2.4 V with a 25 pF load capacitor on each output pin.tSS is measured from when the outputs cross 0.4 V or 2.4 V to when the rising edge of DAV crosses 2.4 V with a 25 pF load capacitor on each output pin.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(For all grades TMIN to TMAX with VCC = +5 V 6 5%, VLO61C = +5 V 6 10%,
VEE = –5 V 6 5%; VIL = 0.8 V, VIH = 2.0 V, VOL = 0.4 V and VOH = 2.4 V)
ENCODE
DAV
ENCt
BIT 1–12
MSB, OTR
AD1671
PIN DESCRIPTION
VEE
TYPE: AI = Analog Input; AO = Analog Output; DI = Digital Input; DO = Digital Outputs; P = Power.
PIN CONFIGURATION
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
ParameterWith Respect toMinMaxUnits
VCCACOM–0 5+6.5Volts
VEEACOM–6.5+0.5Volts
VLOGICDCOM–0.5+6.5Volts
ACOMDCOM–1.0+1.0Volts
VCCVLOGIC–6.5+6.5Volts
ENCODEDCOM–0.5VLOGIC + 0.5Volts
REF INACOM–0.5VCC + 0.5Volts
AINACOM–11.0+11.0Volts
BPO/UPOACOM–0.5VCC + 0.5Volts
Junction Temperature+150°C
Storage Temperature–65+150°C
Lead Temperature (10 sec)+300°C
*Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause
permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in
the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum ratings for extended periods may effect device reliability.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the AD1671 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ORDERING GUIDE
NOTESFor details on grade and package offerings screened in accordance with
MIL-STD-883, refer to Analog Devices’ Military Products Databook or
current AD1671/883 data sheet.P = Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier, Q = Cerdip.Analog Devices reserves the right to ship side brazed ceramic packages in
lieu of cerdip.
AD1671
DEFINITIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY (INL)
Integral nonlinearity refers to the deviation of each individual
code from a line drawn from “zero” through “full scale.” The
point used as “zero” occurs 1/2 LSB (1.22 mV for a 10 V span)
before the first code transition (all zeros to only the LSB on).
“Full-scale” is defined as a level 1 1/2 LSB beyond the last code
transition (to all ones). The deviation is measured from the low
side transition of each particular code to the true straight line.
DIFFERENTIAL LINEARITY ERROR (NO MISSING
CODES)
An ideal ADC exhibits code transitions that are exactly 1 LSB
apart. DNL is the deviation from the ideal value. Thus every
code has a finite width. Guaranteed no missing codes to 11- or
12-bit resolution indicates that all 2048 and 4096 codes, respec-
tively, must be present over all operating ranges. No missing
codes to 11 bits (in the case of a 12-bit resolution ADC) also
means that no two consecutive codes are missing.
UNIPOLAR OFFSET
The first transition should occur at a level 1/2 LSB above analog
common. Unipolar offset is defined as the deviation of the ac-
tual from that point. This offset can be adjusted as discussed
later. The unipolar offset temperature coefficient specifies the
maximum change of the transition point over temperature, with
or without external adjustments.
BIPOLAR ZERO
In the bipolar mode the major carry transition (0111 1111 1111 to
1000 0000 0000) should occur for an analog value 1/2 LSB be-
low analog common. The bipolar offset error and temperature
coefficient specify the initial deviation and maximum change in
the error over temperature.
GAIN ERROR
The last transition (from 1111 1111 1110 to 1111 1111 1111)
should occur for an analog value 1 1/2 LSB below the nominal
full scale (4.9963 volts for 5.000 volts full scale). The gain error
is the deviation of the actual level at the last transition from the
ideal level. The gain error can be adjusted to zero as shown in
Figures 4 through 7.
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
The temperature coefficients for unipolar offset, bipolar zero
and gain error specify the maximum change from the initial
(+25°C) value to the value at TMIN or TMAX.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
One of the effects of power supply error on the performance of
the device will be a small change in gain. The specifications
show the maximum full-scale change from the initial value with
the supplies at the various limits.
DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/ N+D) RATIO
S/N+D is the ratio of the rms value of the measured input signal
to the rms sum of all other spectral components, including har-
monics but excluding dc. The value for S/N+D is expressed in
decibels.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB)
ENOB is calculated from the expression (S/N+D) = 6.02N +
1.76 dB, where N is equal to the effective number of bits.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)
THD is the ratio of the rms sum of the first six harmonic com-
ponents to the rms value of the measured input signal and is ex-
pressed as a percentage or in decibels.
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD)
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and
fb, any device with nonlinearities will create distortion products
of order (m + n), at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ±
nfb, where m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3....Intermodulation terms are
those for which m or n is not equal to zero. For example, the
second order terms are (fa + fb) and (fa – fb), and the third or-
der terms are (2 fa + fb), (2 fa – fb), (fa + 2 fb) and (2fb – fa).
The IMD products are expressed as the decibel ratio of the rms
sum of the measured input signals to the rms sum of the distor-
tion terms. The two signals are of equal amplitude and the peak
value of their sum is –0.5 dB from full scale. The IMD products
are normalized to a 0 dB input signal.
PEAK SPURIOUS OR PEAK HARMONIC COMPONENT
The peak spurious or peak harmonic component is the largest
spectral component, excluding the input signal and dc. This
value is expressed in decibels relative to the rms value of a full-
scale input signal.
APERTURE DELAY
Aperture delay is the difference between thc switch delay and
the analog delay of the SHA. This delay represents the point in
time, relative to the rising edge of ENCODE input, that the
analog input is sampled.
APERTURE JITTER
Aperture jitter is the variation in aperture delay for successive
samples.
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH
The input frequency at which the amplitude of the recon-
structed fundamental is reduced by 3 dB for a full-scale input.
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD1671 uses a successive subranging architecture. The
analog-to-digital conversion takes place in four independent
steps or flashes. The sampled analog input signal is subranged
to an intermediate residue voltage for the final 12-bit result by
utilizing multiple flashes with subtraction DACs (see the AD1671
functional block diagram).
The AD1671 can be configured to operate with unipolar (0 V to
+5 V, 0 V to +2.5 V) or bipolar (±5 V, ±2.5 V) inputs by con-
necting AIN (Pins 22, 23), SHA OUT (Pin 25) and BPO/UPO
(Pin 26) as shown in Figure 2.
a. 0 V to +2.5V Input Range b. ±2.5 V Input Range
c. 0 V to +5 V Input Range d. ±5 V Input Range
Figure 2.AD1671 Input Range Connections
The AD1671 conversion cycle begins by simply providing an
active HIGH level on the ENCODE pin (Pin 17). The rising
edge of the ENCODE pulse starts the conversion. The falling
edge of the ENCODE pulse is specified to operate within a win-
dow of time, less than 50 ns after the rising edge of ENCODE
or after the falling edge of DAV. The time window prevents
digitally coupled noise from being introduced during the final
stages of conversion. An internal timing generator circuit accu-
rately controls SHA, flash and DAC timing.
Upon receipt of an ENCODE command the input voltage is
held by the front-end SHA and the first 3-bit flash converts the
analog input voltage. The 3-bit result is passed to a correction
logic register and a segmented current output DAC. The DAC
output is connected through a resistor (within the Range/Span
Select Block) to SHA OUT. A residue voltage is created by sub-
an input range that is configured with one bit of overlap with the
previous DAC. The overlap allows for errors during the flash
conversion. The first residue voltage is connected to the second
3-bit flash and to the noninverting input of a high speed, differ-
ential, gain of eight amplifier. The second flash result is passed
to the correction logic register and to the second segmented cur-
rent output DAC. The output of the second DAC is connected
to the inverting input of the differential amplifier. The differen-
tial amplifier output is connected to a two-step, backend, 8-bit
flash. This 8-bit flash consists of coarse and fine flash convert-
ers. The result of the coarse 4-bit flash converter, also config-
ured to overlap one bit of DAC 2, is connected to the correction
logic register and selects one of 16 resistors from which the fine
4-bit flash will establish its span voltage. The fine 4-bit flash is
connected directly to the output latches.
The internal timing generator automatically places the SHA into
the acquire mode when DAV goes LOW. Upon completion of
conversion (when DAV is set HIGH), the SHA has acquired the
analog input to the specified level of accuracy and will remain in
the sample mode until the next ENCODE command.
The AD1671 will flag an out-of-range condition when the input
voltage exceeds the analog input range. OTR (Pin 15) is active
HIGH when an out-of-range high or low condition exists. Bits
1–12 are HIGH when the analog input voltage is greater than
the selected input range and LOW when the analog input is less
than the selected input range.
AD1671 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
The AD1671 is specified for dc and dynamic performance. A
sampling converter’s dynamic performance reflects both quan-
tizer and sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA) performance. Quan-
tizer nonlinearities, such as INL and DNL, can degrade dynamic
performance. However, a SHA is the critical element which has to
accurately sample fast slewing analog input signals. The AD1671’s
high performance, low noise, patented on-chip SHA minimizes
distortion and noise specifications. Nonlinearities are minimized
by using a fast slewing, low noise architecture and subregulation
of the sampling switch to provide constant offsets (therefore
reducing input signal dependent nonlinearities).
Figure 3 is a typical 2k point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
plot of a 100 kHz input signal sampled at 1 MHz. The funda-
mental amplitude is set at –0.5 dB to avoid input signal clipping
of offset or gain errors. Note the total harmonic distortion is ap-
proximately –81 dB, signal to noise plus distortion is 71 dB and
the spurious free dynamic range is 84 dB.
SIGNAL AMPLITUDE – dB
–25
AD1671
ANALOG INPUT – dB
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE – dB
Figure 7.Spurious Free Dynamic Range vs. Input
Amplitude, fIN = 250 kHz
APPLYING THE AD1671
GROUNDING AND DECOUPLING RULES
Proper grounding and decoupling should be a primary design
objective in any high speed, high resolution system. The
AD1671 separates analog and digital grounds to optimize the
management of analog and digital ground currents in a system.
The AD1671 is designed to minimize the current flowing from
REF COM (Pin 20) by directing the majority of the current
from VCC (+5 V–Pin 28) to VEE (–5 V–Pin 1). Minimizing ana-
log ground currents hence reduces the potential for large ground
voltage drops. This can be especially true in systems that do not
utilize ground planes or wide ground runs. REF COM is also
configured to be code independent, therefore reducing input de-
pendent analog ground voltage drops and errors. Code depen-
dent ground current is diverted to ACOM (Pin 27). Also critical
in any high speed digital design is the use of proper digital
grounding techniques to avoid potential CMOS “ground
bounce.” Figure 3 is provided to assist in the proper layout,
grounding and decoupling techniques.
Figure 4 plots both S/(N+D) and Effective Number of Bits
(ENOB) for a 100 kHz input signal sampled from 666 kHz to
1.25 MHz.
SAMPLING FREQUENCY – kHz
S/(N+D) – dB
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS
Figure 4.S/(N/D) vs. Sampling Frequency, fIN = 100 kHz
Figure 5 is a THD plot for a full-scale 100 kHz input signal with
the sample frequency swept from 666 kHz to 1.25 MHz.
SAMPLING FREQUENCY – kHz
THD – dB
Figure 5.THD vs. Sampling Rate, fIN = 100 kHz
The AD1671’s SFDR performance is ideal for use in communi-
cation systems such as high speed modems and digital radios.
The SFDR is better than 84 dB with sample rates up to 1.11 MHz
and increases as the input signal amplitude is attenuated by ap-
proximately 3 dB. Note also the SFDR is typically better than
80 dB with input signals attenuated by up to –7 dB.
SAMPLING FREQUENCY – kHz
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE – dB
–90
Figure 6.Spurious Free Dynamic Range vs. Sampling

Partno	Mfg	Dc	Qty	Available	Descript
5962-9312601MXA \|59629312601MXA	ADI	N/a	2	avai	Complete 12-Bit 1.25 MSPS Monolithic A/D Converter