3.0 Volts 1.9 grams (0.07 oz.) 0.5 cubic centimeters (0.03 cubic inch) # Technical Documentation: CR2016 Coin Cell Battery
## 1. Application Scenarios
### Typical Use Cases
The CR2016 is a 3V lithium manganese dioxide (Li-MnO₂) coin cell battery commonly employed in compact electronic devices requiring stable, long-term power with minimal maintenance. Its flat discharge curve and low self-discharge rate make it ideal for applications where voltage stability is critical over the device's operational life.
Primary Use Cases Include:
- Memory Backup Power : Maintaining volatile memory (SRAM, real-time clocks) in consumer electronics, industrial controllers, and medical devices during main power loss.
- Low-Power Electronics : Powering calculators, digital thermometers, pedometers, and LED novelty items where current draw is typically below 1 mA.
- Remote Control Units : Serving as the primary power source for key fobs, garage door openers, and entertainment system remotes.
- Portable Sensors : Enabling compact environmental sensors (e.g., temperature/humidity loggers) and wearable devices.
### Industry Applications
- Consumer Electronics : Found in watches, fitness trackers, toys, and electronic organizers.
- Medical Devices : Used in glucose monitors, hearing aids, and portable diagnostic equipment where reliability and safety are paramount.
- Automotive : Powers TPMS sensors, keyless entry fobs, and tire pressure gauges.
- Industrial/Commercial : Utilized in measurement tools, barcode scanners, security tokens, and point-of-sale devices.
### Practical Advantages and Limitations
Advantages:
- High Energy Density : Provides a reliable 3V output in a minimal footprint (20mm diameter × 1.6mm height).
- Long Shelf Life : Low self-discharge rate (typically <1% per year) ensures extended storage capability.
- Wide Temperature Range : Operates effectively from -20°C to +60°C (with reduced capacity at extremes).
- Leak Resistance : Lithium chemistry minimizes risk of electrolyte leakage compared to alkaline cells.
Limitations:
- Limited Current Capacity : Not suitable for high-drain applications (>5 mA continuous); voltage drops significantly under heavy load.
- Non-Rechargeable : Primary cell chemistry prohibits recharging; attempting to recharge can cause venting or rupture.
- Capacity Constraints : Typical capacity of 75-90 mAh restricts use to low-energy applications.
- Solder Sensitivity : Excessive heat during soldering can damage seals and reduce lifespan.
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## 2. Design Considerations
### Common Design Pitfalls and Solutions
Pitfall 1: Excessive Current Draw
- Problem : Attempting to draw currents >5 mA causes rapid voltage drop and premature capacity exhaustion.
- Solution : Implement power management circuitry (e.g., capacitors for pulse loads) or select higher-capacity cells (CR2032) for moderate current requirements.
Pitfall 2: Improper Mechanical Retention
- Problem : Vibration or shock can dislodge the battery, interrupting power to memory circuits.
- Solution : Use spring-loaded holders or compression clips rather than simple solder tabs. Ensure holder specifications match CR2016 dimensions.
Pitfall 3: Reverse Polarity Installation
- Problem : User-replaceable designs risk incorrect installation, potentially damaging connected circuitry.
- Solution : Incorporate polarized battery holders with clear markings. Add protection diodes if feasible.
Pitfall 4: Thermal Damage During Assembly
- Problem : Hand-soldering battery tabs can transfer excessive heat to the cell.
- Solution : Use thermal shunts during soldering, limit iron contact to <3 seconds, or employ spot welding for production.
### Compatibility Issues with Other Components
Voltage-Sensitive Components:
- The nominal 3V output may be insufficient for components requiring 3.3V minimum. Verify all ICs operate down to
