ARK Electronics - Transient Voltage Suppressors Peak Pulse Power 5000W Stand-off Voltage 5.0 to 250V # Technical Documentation: 5KP75 Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) Diode
Manufacturer : GS
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## 1. Application Scenarios
### Typical Use Cases
The 5KP75 is a 5,000W axial-leaded TVS diode designed for robust overvoltage protection in electronic circuits. Key applications include:
- Surge Suppression : Protects sensitive components from voltage transients induced by lightning strikes, inductive load switching, or electrostatic discharge (ESD).
- Power Supply Clamping : Safeguards DC power lines (e.g., 12V/24V automotive systems, industrial power rails) by clamping excess voltage to a safe level.
- Communication Line Protection : Shields RS-485, Ethernet, or telecom interfaces from transient surges.
### Industry Applications
- Automotive : Protects ECU, infotainment systems, and charging ports from load-dump surges.
- Industrial Automation : Used in PLCs, motor drives, and sensor interfaces exposed to high-voltage transients.
- Renewable Energy : Secures inverters and charge controllers in solar/wind systems.
- Consumer Electronics : Integrated into power adapters and USB-C ports for ESD compliance.
### Practical Advantages and Limitations
| Advantages | Limitations |
|----------------|-----------------|
| High peak pulse power (5kW) handles large transients. | Axial package may require more PCB space than surface-mount alternatives. |
| Fast response time (<1 ns) for rapid clamping. | Limited to unidirectional protection (check bidirectional variants for AC systems). |
| Low leakage current (<5 μA) minimizes power loss. | Derating required at high temperatures; operational range: -55°C to +175°C. |
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## 2. Design Considerations
### Common Design Pitfalls and Solutions
- Pitfall 1 : Inadequate Voltage Margin
- *Issue*: Selecting a VRWM (Working Voltage) too close to the system’s nominal voltage, causing false triggering.
- *Solution*: Ensure VRWM (75V for 5KP75) exceeds the maximum operating voltage by 10–20%.
- Pitfall 2 : Thermal Runaway Under Repeated Surges
- *Issue*: Excessive energy dissipation heats the diode, degrading performance.
- *Solution*: Use heatsinks or parallel TVS diodes for high-energy environments.
- Pitfall 3 : Incorrect Polarity Orientation
- *Issue*: Unidirectional TVS (like 5KP75) fails if reverse-biased during a transient.
- *Solution*: Verify anode/cathode alignment in DC circuits; use bidirectional TVS for AC lines.
### Compatibility Issues with Other Components
- Passive Components : TVS diodes may interact with filter inductors/capacitors, altering frequency response. Simulate transient response with SPICE models.
- ICs : Ensure clamping voltage (VC) does not exceed the IC’s absolute maximum rating. For example, 5KP75’s VC of 121V at 100A must be below the protected IC’s breakdown voltage.
- Fuses : Coordinate with fast-acting fuses to prevent TVS short-circuit failure from overcurrent.
### PCB Layout Recommendations
- Placement : Position the TVS diode ≤2 cm from the protected port (e.g., connector entry point).
- Routing : Use short, wide traces to minimize parasitic inductance. Avoid vias between TVS and protected line.
- Grounding : Connect TVS ground directly to the system’s chassis or low-impedance ground plane.
- Isolation : Separate high-voltage transient paths from sensitive analog/digital signals
