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MAX2108CEGMAXIMN/a800avaiDirect-Conversion Tuner IC
MAX2108CEGMAXIM/LSIN/a17avaiDirect-Conversion Tuner IC
MAX2108CEGMAXN/a1059avaiDirect-Conversion Tuner IC


MAX2108CEG ,Direct-Conversion Tuner ICELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(V = +5V; PS_SEL = 0.5V; P = -20dBm; f = f +125kHz; GC set via servo loop ..
MAX2108CEG ,Direct-Conversion Tuner ICFeaturesThe MAX2108 is a low-cost direct-conversion tuner IC' Low-Cost Architecturedesigned for use ..
MAX2108CEG ,Direct-Conversion Tuner ICApplicationsDirecTV, PrimeStar, EchoStar DBS TunersDVB-Compliant DBS TunersOrdering InformationCell ..
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MAX517ACPA ,2-Wire Serial 8-Bit DACs with Rail-to-Rail OutputsMAX517/MAX518/MAX51919-0393; Rev 0; 5/952-Wire Serial 8-Bit DACs withRail-to-Rail Outputs__________ ..
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MAX2108CEG
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
General Description
The MAX2108 is a low-cost direct-conversion tuner IC
designed for use in digital direct-broadcast satellite
(DBS) television set-top box units and microwave links.
Its direct-conversion architecture reduces system cost
compared to devices with IF-based architectures.
The MAX2108 directly tunes L-band signals to base-
band using a broadband I/Q downconverter. The oper-
ating frequency range spans from 950MHz to
2150MHz. The IC includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA)
with gain control, two downconverter mixers with output
buffers, a 90°quadrature generator, and a divide-by
32/33 prescaler.
Applications

DirecTV, PrimeStar, EchoStar DBS Tuners
DVB-Compliant DBS Tuners
Cellular Base Stations
Wireless Local Loop
Broadband Systems
LMDS
Microwave Links
Features
Low-Cost ArchitectureOperates from Single +5V SupplyOn-Chip Quadrature Generator, Dual-Modulus
Prescaler (/32, /33)
Input Levels: -20dBm to -70dBm per CarrierOver 50dB RFGain-Control Range10dB Noise Figure at Maximum Gain+8dBm IIP3 at Minimum Gain
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
Functional Diagram

19-1449; Rev 0; 4/99
Ordering Information
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V; VGC= 1.3V; PS_SEL = 0.5V; IOUT, IOUT, QOUT, QOUT= terminated with 2.5kΩto GND; no input signal
applied; TA= 0°C to +70°C; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, TA= +25°C.)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VCC= +5V; PS_SEL = 0.5V; PRFIN= -20dBm; fLO= fRFIN +125kHz; GC set via servo loop for VIOUT- VIOUT= 200mVp-p (differen-
tial); TA= +25°C; unless otherwise noted.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCCto GND..............................................................-0.3V to +7V
VCCto Any Other VCC...........................................-0.3V to +0.3V
All Other Pins to GND.................................-0.3V to (VCC+ 0.3V)
RFIN to RFIN..........................................................................±2V
LO to LO................................................................................±2V
Short-Circuit Current
IOUT, IOUT, QOUT, QOUTto GND.................................10mA
PSOUT, PSOUTto GND...................................................40mA
Short-Circuit Duration IOUT to IOUT, QOUT to QOUT,
PSOUT to PSOUT............................................................10sec
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
24 QSOP (derate 10mW/°C above TA= +70°C)..........800mW
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range.............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec).............................+300°C
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

(VCC= +5V; PS_SEL = 0.5V; PRFIN= -20dBm; fLO= fRFIN +125kHz; GC set via servo loop for VIOUT- VIOUT= 200mVp-p (differen-
tial); TA= +25°C; unless otherwise noted.)
Note 1:
AC specifications with minimum/maximum limits are met within this frequency range.
Note 2:
LO and LOare differentially driven through an AC-coupled matching network.
Note 3:
PRFIN= -20dBm per tone, GC set via servo loop for VIOUT- VIOUT= 20mVp-p per tone. f1RFIN= 1749MHz, f2RFIN=
1751MHz, fLO= 1740MHz.
Note 4:
PRFIN= -20dBm per tone, GC set via servo loop for VIOUT- VIOUT= 20mVp-p per tone. f1RFIN= 1200MHz, f2RFIN=
2150MHz, fLO= 951MHz.
Typical Operating Characteristics

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
Typical Operating Characteristics

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
Pin Description
MAX2108
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC
_______________Detailed Description

The MAX2108 downconverts signals in the 950MHz to
2150MHz range directly to baseband in-phase/
quadrature-phase (I/Q) signals. It is designed for digital
DBS tuner applications where a direct downconversion
provides a cost savings over multiple-conversion
approaches. However, the MAX2108 is applicable to
any system requiring a broadband I/Q downconversion.
Internally, the MAX2108 consists of a broadband front-
end variable gain stage, a quadrature downconverter,
a 90°quadrature generator, a divide-by 32/33
prescaler, and high-linearity I and Q baseband buffers.
The front-end gain-control range is over 50dB.
Specifically, when the MAX2108 operates in an auto-
matic gain control (AGC) loop, VGCis adjusted by the
loop so that a sine wave at RFIN ranging in power from
-70dBm to -20dBm produces a sine wave across IOUT,IOUTand QOUT, QOUTat 10mVp-p differential. The
noise figure is at its minimum when GC is at its maxi-
mum gain setting.
The quadrature downconverter follows the front-end
variable-gain amplifier. The mixer LO ports are fed with
the two LO signals, which are 90°apart in phase.
These quadrature LO signals are generated internally
using the signal from the LO and LOpins.
The resulting I/Q baseband signals are fed through
separate I-channel and Q-channel baseband buffers.
The outputs are capable of driving lowpass filters with
100Ωcharacteristic impedance (that is, the equivalent
of an AC-coupled 100Ωload). The baseband -3dB out-
put bandwidth is approximately 150MHz.
Applications Information
Front-End Tuner Circuitry
for DBS Tuners

In a typical application, the signal path ahead of the
tuner includes a discrete low-noise amplifier/buffer and
a PIN-diode attenuator. Since the MAX2108 satisfies
the noise and linearity requirements for DBS, this front-
end circuitry is not required.
In some very high linearity applications, such as single
channel-per-carrier (SCPC), a varactor-tuned pre-
selection bandpass filter is added between a discrete
LNA and the MAX2108. The filter provides a means of
broadly filtering adjacent interference signals, thus
improving the intermodulation performance of the tuner.
Additionally, the filter removes RF interference at twice
the LO frequency, which otherwise adds to the co-
channel interference. The MAX2108 rejects this carrier
to approximately 25dBc.Port
The MAX2108 accepts either a single-ended or differ-
ential LO signal. For single-ended drive, AC-couple the
LO signal into LO with a 47pF capacitor, and bypassLOto ground with a 47pF capacitor in series with a
25Ωresistor. Drive LO with a 50Ωsource at -5dBm.
Prescaler

The prescaler requires a stable logic level at PS_SEL
4ns before the falling edge of PSOUT, PSOUTto assert
the desired modulus. The logic level at PS_SEL must
remain static until 2ns after this falling edge.
Baseband Buffers

The MAX2108 baseband buffers provide at least
10mVp-p differential swing across IOUT, IOUTand
QOUT, QOUT, and are capable of driving an AC-cou-
pled 100Ωdifferential load. In a typical application,
IOUT, IOUT, QOUT, and QOUTdrive a 5th- or 7th-order
lowpass filter for ADC anti-aliasing purposes (see the
Filters in Direct-Conversion Tuners section ). In general,
additionalgain is required, after the filters. This is
accomplished with a pair of video-speed op amps,
such as the MAX4216 dual video op amp, or a simple
transistor circuit. Contact Maxim for more information
about the MAX4216.
Layout Considerations

Observe standard RF layout rules. A ground plane is
essential; when connecting areas of ground plane
between layers, use vias liberally. If a ground plane is
used under the lowpass filters, note that the filter
response may be slightly offset due to parasitic capaci-
tance.
In a direct-conversion receiver, LO leakage to the RF
input connector is a major issue, since filtering of the
LO is impossible (the LO operates at the same frequen-
cy as the RF input). Observe the power-supply bypass
capacitor connections in the Pin Descriptiontable,
notably pins 3, 5, 12, and 21. Traces from these IC pins
to the bypass capacitors must be kept on the top side
of the board and as short as possible.
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